4)Hypothalamic 4)Hypothalamic thermoregulating center
Progesterone shifts the Basal body temperature upward(BBT) BBT record is a useful tool to evaluate the reproductive cycle
2)endocervix 2)endocervix
Cervical also changes in response to the reproductive cycle
Cervical gland secrete
thin,clear,watery,mucus in follicular phase maximal in ovulation Mucus becomes thick,opaque,tenacious in corpus luteum phase
Secretory phase :15-28 days
(stroma loose, edematous, vesseltwisted, gland tortous) in corpus luteum
Menstrual phase:1-4 days
Endomitrium is sloughed and bleeding onset
Pituitary
Producing Gonadotropins follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH) luteinizing hormone(LH) be protein hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland be pulsatile manner be influenced by E,P, and other factors
The first day of menstrual bleeding is considered day 1 of the menstrual cycle The length of menstrual cycle is 28 –30 days The duration of flow is 2-7 days The volume of menstrual blood loss is 30ml-50mL(<80mL),darkness and nonclotting.
a number of follicles developing, only one dominant follicle others become atretic ovulation:14th, releasing oocyte
luteal phase: 15-28 days unless pregnancy occurs
Key words
reproductive cycle menstruation ovarian cycle H-P-Oof ovary
Produce oocyte Endocrine: produce female hormone
3.Reproductive 3.Reproductive cycle
Devided into 3 phases
Menstruation: 1-4days the follicular phase:5-14 days
3)vagina 3)vagina
Thickening and maturation of the surface epithelial cells responed to E2 in follicular phase thickening and secretory changes of vaginal epithelium in corpus luteum phase
1) Development of ovary
Ovarian cycle is divided into four phases
Development of follicles
primitive follicles→primary follicles → secondary follicles → antrun/ developing follicles → maturity follicles
pre-menopause, menopause(last time of menorrhae), post-menopause
senility
2.The definition of 2.The menstruation
Menarche: the onset of the first menses occurs about two years after the onset of pubert occurs between 13 and 15 years of age anovulatory for first two years
Progesterone:
from corpus luteum maximal production occurs 3-4 days after ovulation and maintained for 11 days negative feedback on FSH and LH
4.Clinical manifestations of 4.Clinical hormone changes
1)Endometrium
be sloughed to a basal level in menstruation
proliferative phase: 5-14 days
(stroma thickens,gland elongated) in follicular phase, a maximal thickness in ovulation
Physiology of the female reproductive system
1. Different periods of Female
Neonatal period : ≤ 4 weeks childhood: 4 weeks to age of 12 adolescence: menarche, age of 12-17 sexual maturity: begain 18, maintains for 30 years peri-menopausal period:begain 40, maintains for 10-20 years
ovulation corpus luteum corpus albican
2)Ovarian steroid hormones 2)Ovarian Estrogens
rise in plasma by 4th day of cycle from granulosa cells and theca cells negative feedback to FSH positve feedback to LH
Ovaries
ovarian sex steroid hormones estradiol (E), progesterone(P)
Feedback of H-P-O axis HConcept of feedback
the magnitude and the rate of GnRH, FSH, LH are determined by E, P, negative feedback : resulting in decreased secretion ofGnRH FSH,LH positive feedback: resulting in increased secretion of LH,which triggers ovulation
5.H 5.H-P-O axis
The control of menstruation is based on a feedback loop of H-P-O axis Hypothalamus
Producing GnRH(gonadotropin-releasing hormone) be secreted in a pulsatile manner be a pulse generator of cycle be influenced by E and neurotransmitters