有关训练的表达法About training步形步法练习stance and footwork exercise一般素质训练general fitness training动作组合练习combination exercise手形手法练习hand form and hand technique exercise 基本功练习basics training; fundamental exercise行进间练习exercise in locomotion (i.e. movement)保护下练习practice with assistance训练时间表training schedule; training timetable低强度训练low-pressure workout适应性训练adaptive training有氧训练aerobic training无氧训练anaerobic training全面训练all-round training变换训练alternating training间歇训练interval training意识训练awareness training循环训练circuit training力量训练power building肌肉训练bodybuilding重复训练repetition training综合训练combination training耐力训练endurance training广泛训练extensive training密集训练intensive training强化训练intensive training徒手训练fist-fighting training心理训练psychological training热身练习warm-up exercise基础练习essential exercise集体练习group exercise垫上练习mat-work; mat exercise散手练习free-hand exercise辅助练习auxiliary exercise平衡练习balance exercise器械练习weapons exercise徒手练习bare-hand exercise腿部练习leg exercise力量练习weight training基本拳法basics fist techniques基本步法basics footwork基本动作basics movement基本姿势basics posture基本步型basics stance基本技法basics techniques基本理法basics theory固定方法fixed method个别辅导individual coaching移步与转体一致synchronize step with body turning重心保持在左(右) 脚hold weight on left (right) foot重心转移到… transfer weight onto重心移至左脚transfer weight onto left foot重心称到左脚shift weight onto left foot重心移到右腿weight moves onto right leg左(右) 拳收回腰际draw left (right) fist back to hip 与…在一直线上in line with向…位置落步land at收回…位置retrieve to; return to两脚分开与肩同宽feet shoulder-width apart想像性格斗对练fight against an imaginary opponent空中转体180度turning body 180 degrees in the air以拧腰带动扫腿use waist as driving force for leg sweep以…为轴using … as pivot以右脚为轴using right foot as pivot以左肘为轴using left elbow as pivot单脚直立旋转one-foot upright spin以前脚掌着地land on the ball of the foot基本站立姿势fundamental stance左(右) 腿蹬直left (right) leg straightened蹬直左(右) 腿straighten left (right) leg左(右)手划弧circle left (right) hand改变劲力方向change direction of force眼睛随视双掌eyes follow both palms两脚平行开立feet apart and parallel腹式呼吸法abdominal breathing exercise爆发式吸吸explosive breathing身械不协调body and weapon not to coordinate讲解与示范explain and demonstrate集中注意力concentrate one’s attention眼向前平视eyes look straight ahead眼看…方向eyes look to…力达…部位concentrate power at; force is focused at …抓住…不放hold on to sth.前臂斜交叉cross forearm diagonally臂部呈弧形the curved arm自然深呼吸deep and natural breathing转体不充分incomplete body turn弧形步上跳leap in curved step以…为轴pivot on以脚跟为轴pivot on heel以脚掌为轴pivot on the ball of foot以脚为轴转身foot pivot以腰为轴waist serves as axis以全脚掌着地with sole flat on ground左脚全脚着地with left foot flat on the floor两脚全脚着地with both feet flat on the ground 在…前面in front of在…体前in front of body经…内侧passing to the inside of…经…外侧passing to the outside of…身体疲劳physical fatigue; physical strain精神集中concentration全神贯注focus on全身放松relax whole body热身准备warm up and get ready准备活动warm-up; limber up准备动作preparation movement眼随剑走eyes follow sword动作组合combination movements动作示范demonstration of the movement动作分析movement analysis动作难度movement difficulty动作次序movement sequence动作规格movement specification (i.e. standard)动作结构structure of movement动作标准standard of movement动作组合series (sequence, combination) of movements 动作幅度range of movement动作感觉feel of movement动作质量quality of movement动作节奏rhythm of movement动静结合combine movement and stillness内外结合combine internal and external神形兼备combine mind and body圆形动作circular movement向上划弧circle up向后摆动back swing转腕旋膀circle arms and rotation wrists双手叉腰hands on hips; with arms akimbo双臂环绕double arms circle双手抓握double grip后腿蹬地push off rear leg; push off the ground with back foot 腿部动作leg movement摆腿速度leg-swing speed摆动幅度range of swing两腿交叉legs crossed两肘松垂relax and drop elbows屈膝微蹲bend knees and squad down slightly上体前俯bend upper body forward借力发力borrow opponent’s force and use it against him拳势呼吸breathing following movement呼吸节奏breathing rhythm左右转换alternating left and right挺胸立腰chest thrust out and waist erect握紧拳头clench fist咬紧牙关clench teeth易犯错误common error同时完成complete at the same time完全放松completely relaxed关节松开joint open放松肌肉relax muscles力达脚尖concentrate force at toes步伐错乱wrong and confused footwork连续动作consecutive movement示范动作demonstration多余动作extra movement单个动作single movement; element of movement; each move of the movement 沉肩坠肘drop shoulders and elbows双膝微屈bend knees slightly; knees slightly bent屈膝松胯bend knees and relax hips自然呼吸natural breathing; breathe naturally肌肉力量muscular strength肌肉控制muscle control肌肉放松muscle relaxation训练过度overtrain保持平衡keep (body) balance握拳姿势fist form用劲方法methods of applying force充分伸展fully extended掌心向内palm facing in掌心向外palm facing out拳眼向上the eye of the fist facing up拳眼向下the eye of the fist facing down足趾抓地grasping the ground with toes力达脚尖power reaches the toe力达脚跟power is focused at heel后脚拔跟heels of rear foot off ground后蹬有力powerful of the pushing off with the rear foot 勾尖向上hook pointing up心与意合integration of Xin (i.e. mind) and Yi (i.e. will) 意与气合integration of Yi and Qi气与力合integration of Qi and Li (i.e. force)肩与髋合integration of shoulders and hips肩臂练习shoulder and arm exercise肘与膝合integration of elbows and knees手与脚合integration of hands and feet用脚背踢kick with the back of foot用脚尖踢kick with the tip of foot踢打摔拿kick, strike, throwing and grasping 瞻前顾后look ahead and beware of the back 眼看前方look forward向前平视look straight ahead转体90度turn body 90 degrees转移重心shift weight转腰不充分waist not turned sufficiently保持不动remain stationary分解练习segment drills分解动作segment movement自我放松self-relaxation静心聚神serene heart and concentrated mind 重心前移shift weight forward短冲训练short-term intensive training短期课程short-term course高与肩平shoulder height与肩同宽shoulder width apart单臂绕环single arm circle单个动作single movement单势练习single posture exercise上体后坐sit back (on hips)抖腕亮掌snap wrist and flash palm具体动作specific movement专项技术specific technique专项训练specific training速度训练speed training技术训练technical training立身中正stand straight and centered并步直立stand upright with feet together开步站立stand with feet apart右腿蹬直straighten right leg右脚起跳take-off on right foot技术特点technical characteristics; technical features 技术水平technical level胸式呼吸thoracic breathing脚跟外蹬heels outward; heel pushed out脚趾抓地toes grasp the ground脚尖内扣toes inward脚微内扣toes pointing slightly inward脚尖外撇toes outward脚尖外展toes pointed outward; toes turned out 脚尖点地toes on ground脚内扣foot turned inward脚外展foot turned outward脚跟转向里turn heel inward过渡动作transition movement上体后倾(trunk) leaning backward上体后倾(trunk) leaning forward上体正直trunk upright跌扑滚翻练习tumbling exercise前臂内旋turn forearm inward前臂外旋turn forearm outward典型错误typical fault统一规格the unified standard高与肩平up to shoulder level; shoulder high高与腰齐waist high;配合协调well coordinated腰部练习waist exercise腰如中轴waist like an axle上动不停without stopping previous movement腕部动作wrist action; wrist movement手腕交叉wrists crossed运动量training load绷脚面toes pointing slightly inward格斗术fighting arts; fighting techniques; combat skill 攻防术the art of offence and defense勾脚尖hook foot; ankle joint flexed反关节bend joint backward身似弓body like a bow走弧线circular movement深呼吸deep breathing腋下空empty armpits肘微屈bend elbows slightly; elbow slightly bent外三合external three conformities内三合internal three conformities面对面face to face; facing each other头正直head erect; head straight or upright轮换做do it alternately承上势continue from the previous movement 高姿势in a high position低姿势in a low position呈弧形in an arc反方向opposite direction反绕环reverse circle逆方向reverse direction俯卧撑push-up向外推push out向上推push off向前推push forward向下推push down向下压press down后转身rear pivot; reverse pivot放松踢relaxed kicking单手操single movement practice支撑腿standing leg; supporting leg 侧迈步take a step sideways上半步take half a step上下肢upper and lower limbs前跳步forward jump step划圆describe a circle划弧describe a curve插步back cross step滚翻somersault腾空in flight起跳take off起跳脚take-off foot身型body form身法body technique; body work眼法eye technique; eye work步法footwork; foot technique手法handwork; hand technique指法finger technique; finger work 握拳make a fist; clench the fist发声make a sound团身body tucks俯身bend forward弓背to arch back; back arched拔背pick up back; back straight挺胸chest (thrust) out含胸relax chest; hollow chest; draw chest in鼓腰arch lower back塌腰drop waist收拳pull fist back收腿pull back the leg收腹pull in abdomen (i.e. squeeze or contract abs) 收髋hips in收胯draw hips in; withdraw hips收左脚withdraw left foot收臀buttocks (tucked) in; tuck in bottom敛臀keep buttocks in蹶臀buttocks raised; raise hips落臀drop hips; buttocks lowered送髋hips pushed forward挺髋hips thrust out挺腹bow out abdomen (i.e. extend or expand abs) 圆裆round crotch area; round inner thigh尖裆pointed crotch area夹裆squeezed crotch area松胯hips relaxed松肩relax shoulders松腰relax waist松握hold loosely敛胯tuck in hips沉髋sink hips; hips lowered沉胯drop hips沉肩drop shoulders分腿legs apart分力separated force并腿legs together抬腿lift leg抬头raise head抬肘lift up elbow; elbow up屈膝bend knees; knees bent屈肘bend elbow; elbow bent垂肘elbow down扬肘raise elbow; elbow raised;乍肘elbow out; expand elbow坠肘drop elbow坠肩sink shoulders开肩open shoulder joints顺肩extend shoulder (forward)勾脚flex foot全蹲full squat半蹲half squat拔跟heel raised提踵heel up收腹pull in abdomen; hold belly in 仰卧in supine position侧卧lie on side俯卧lie face down抬头lift head上踢kick up掩膝knees turned inward大缠large twining hold小缠small-twining hold后倾lean backward前倾lean forward放松relax; loosen低势low posture; low position 上盘upper-section下盘lower-section下摆swing downward中盘mid-section中节middle section下移move down上移move up动势moving position下按push down; press down 反握reverse grip耸肩shrug shoulders摆头snap head around摆臂swing arms抖腕snap wrist加速speed up; accelerate蹲下squat down蹲跳squat-hop腿直straight leg腰直straight torso腕直straight wrist颈直neck straight直腰waist erect前伸stretch forward伸直stretch out挥臂swing of the arm甩头swing head转身turn body转体turn torso转腰turn waist拧身twist body拧腰twist body旋腕twist wrist对称well balanced匀称well proportioned 转腕wrist rotation。