当前位置:文档之家› 实变函数论课后答案第五章1

实变函数论课后答案第五章1

实变函数论课后答案第五章1第无章第一节习题1.试就[0,1]上的D i r i c h l e 函数()D x 和Riemann 函数()R x 计算[0,1]()D x dx ⎰和[0,1]()R x dx ⎰解:回忆11()0\x Q D x x R Q∈⎧=⎨∈⎩即()()Q D x x χ= (Q 为1R 上全体有理数之集合)回忆: ()E x χ可测E ⇔为可测集和P129定理2:若E 是n R 中测度有限的可测集, ()f x 是E 上的非负有界函数,则_()()()EEf x dx f x dx f x =⇔⎰⎰为E 上的可测函数显然, Q 可数,则*0m Q =,()Q Q x χ可测,可测,有界,从而Lebesgue 可积由P134Th4(2)知[0,1][0,1][0,1][0,1][0,1]()()()10ccQ Q Q QQQ Q x dx x dx x dx dx dx χχχ⋂⋂⋂⋂=+=+⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰1([0,1])0([0,1])10010c m Q m Q =⋅⋂+⋅⋂=⋅+⋅= 回忆Riemann 函数()R x :1:[0,1]R R11,()0[0,1]n nx m n m R x x x Q⎧=⎪⎪==⎨⎪∈-⎪⎩和无大于的公因子1在数学分析中我们知道, ()R x 在有理点处不连续,而在所有无理点处连续,且在[0,1]上Riemann 可积, ()0.R x a e =于[0,1]上,故()R x 可测(P104定理3),且[0,1]()R x dx ⎰[0,1]()()QQR x dx R x dx -=+⎰⎰而0()10QQR x dx dx mQ ≤≤==⎰⎰(Q 可数,故*0m Q =)故[0,1][0,1][0,1]()()00QQR x dx R x dx dx --===⎰⎰⎰2.证明定理1(iii)中的第一式证明:要证的是:若mE <+∞,(),()f x g x 都是E 上的非负有界函数,则 ()()()EEEf x dx f x dxg x dx --≥+⎰⎰⎰下面证明之: 0ε∀>,有下积分的定义,有E 的两个划分1D 和2D 使 1()()2D Es f f x dx ε->-⎰,2()()2D Es g g x dx ε->-⎰此处1()D s f ,2()D s g 分别是f 关于1D 和g 关于2D 的小和数,合并12,D D 而成E 的一个更细密的划分D ,则当()D s f g +为()()f x g x +关于D 的小和数时12(()())()DD D D D f x g x dx sf g s f s g s f s g -+≥+≥+≥+⎰()()()()22EE EEf x dxg x dx f x dx g x dx εεε----≥-+-=+-⎰⎰⎰⎰(用到下确界的性质和P125引理1)由ε的任意性,令0ε→,而得(()())()()EEf xg x dx f x dx g x dx ---+≥+⎰⎰⎰3.补作定理5中()Ef x dx =+∞⎰的情形的详细证明证明:令{}|||||m E E x x m =≤,当()Ef x dx =+∞⎰时,()lim ()mm EE f x dx f x dx →∞+∞==⎰⎰0M ∀>,存在00()m m M N =∈,当0m m ≥时,2()lim [()]mmk k E E M f x dx f x dx →∞<=⎰⎰则存在k 使[()][lim ()]lim[()]mmmk n k n k n n E E E M f x dx f x dx f x dx →∞→∞<==⎰⎰⎰lim [()]lim()lim ()mmn k n n n n n E E Ef x dx f x dx f x dx →∞→∞→∞=≤≤⎰⎰⎰(利用[()]mn k E f x dx ⎰有限时的结论,Th5中已详证)由M 的任意性知lim ()()n n EEf x dx f x dx →∞=+∞=⎰⎰ 证毕.4.证明:若()f x 是E 上的非负函数, ()0Ef x dx =⎰,则()0.f x a e =证明:令[|()1],1,2,n E x n f x n n =<≤+= ,1[|()1]m F x f x m=<≤ 则11[|()0]()()n n n n E x f x E F +∞+∞==>=⋃f 可测,故,,[|()0]n m E F E x f x >(1,2,;1,2,n m == )都是可测集,由P135Th4(2)和()0Ef x dx =⎰,()f x 非负知[;()0]0()()()0nnnEE x f x E E f x dx f x dx f x dx n dx nmE>=≥≥≥=≥⎰⎰⎰⎰故0,(1,2,)n mE n == ;同理0,(1,2,)m mF m == 故11[|()0]0n m n m mE x f x mE mF +∞+∞==>≤+=∑∑故从()f x 非负,[|()0][|()0]E x f x E E x f x ==->,知()0.f x a e=于E .证毕.5.证明:当mE <+∞时,E 上的非负函数的积分()Ef x dx <+∞⎰的充要条件是02[|()2]k k k mE x f x +∞=≥<+∞∑证明:令[|()2],0,1k k E E x f x k =≥= ,1[|2()2]n n n E E x f x +=≤<,0,1,2,k =[|()1],n i j n E x f x E E E +∞=≥=⋂=∅ 当i j ≠,f 非负,故从mE <+∞知[|()1]0()E x f x f x dx <≤<+∞⎰,而[|0()1][|()1]()()()EE x f x E x f x f x dx f x dx f x dx ≤<≥=<⎰⎰⎰[|()1]()()EE x f x f x dx f x dx ≥<+∞⇔<+∞⎰⎰注意由单调收敛定理和()0f x ≥可测知lim [|()1]lim()()()()()lim ()()n n ni i n i i ni n n i n E E E x f x EE E E f x dx f x dx f x dx x f x dx x f x dxχχ+∞→∞==→∞==→∞≥====⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰00lim ()()lim()lim ()()LeviThn niiii ii n n n n E i i E E E E x f x dx f x dx f x dx f x dxχ==+∞→∞→∞→∞======∑∑⎰⎰⎰⎰110022222222[|()2]ii n nnn n n n n i n n n n E dx mE mE mF E x f x +∞+∞+∞+∞+∞++=====≤==≤=≥∑∑∑∑∑⎰所以,若02[|()2]k k k mE x f x +∞=≥<+∞∑,则有[;()1]()E x f x f x dx ≥<+∞⎰则()Ef x dx <+∞⎰,故充分性成立.为证必要性,注意,k i k i i ki kF E mF mE +∞+∞====∑ ,令1{n k k n k nϕ≥=<若若,则0002[|()2]2222nnnn nn nn nkkkkkn n n k nn k nn k mE x f x mF mE mE mEϕϕ+∞+∞+∞+∞+∞+∞+∞+∞========≥====∑∑∑∑∑∑∑∑100000002122221k knnnnkk k k kk n k n k n k mE mE mE mE ϕ++∞+∞+∞+∞+∞+∞=======-====-∑∑∑∑∑∑∑11(21)222()k k kk k k k k k k k k k mE mE mE mE m E +∞+∞+∞+∞+∞++======-=-=-∑∑∑∑ 0022[[;()1]]2()kk k k k E mE m E x f x f x dx +∞+∞===-≥≤∑∑⎰[|()1]2()2()2()kk E x f x EE f x dx f x dx f x dx +∞=≥==≤<+∞⎰⎰⎰(,[|()1]mE mE x f x <+∞≥<+∞)证毕.注意以上用到正项二重级数的二重求和的可交换性,这可看成是Fubini 定理的应用,也可看成是Lebsgue 基本定理的应用,或Levi 定理的应用.0000nmnm m n n m aa +∞+∞+∞+∞=====∑∑∑∑0000lim lim ()lim ()kkknmnm nm nmk k k m n m n n n aa a d m ad m μμ+∞+∞+∞+∞+∞→∞→∞→∞=========∑∑∑∑∑∑⎰⎰00000lim ()()knm nm nm k n n n m a d m a d m a μμ+∞+∞+∞+∞+∞→∞=======∑∑∑∑⎰⎰μ是1R 上的一个测度(离散的),[[]]1,()#[]m N m A A N μμ∀∈==⋂,N 为自然数集,nm a 看成(){nxn a x Na x x N∈=∉当当 ,也可这样设1111,nm nm n m m n a a a b +∞+∞+∞+∞======∑∑∑∑,则,k p N ∀∈111111pppkknmnm nm n m m n m n aa ab +∞=======≤≤∑∑∑∑∑∑,令p →∞,11knm n m a b +∞==≤∑∑,令00,nm n m k a a b +∞+∞==→∞=≤∑∑,同理,b a ≤,则a b =,0000nm nm n m m n a a +∞+∞+∞+∞=====∑∑∑∑,[1,),1(){0i n a i i i nx x n ϕ-≤≤=≥为简单函数,()lim ()n n f x x ϕ→∞=,则()f x 可测6.如果(),()f x g x 都是E 上的非负可测函数,并且对于任意常数a 都有 [|()][|()]mE x f x a mE x g x a ≥=≥ 则()()EEf x dxg x dx =⎰⎰证明:若存在0b >使[|()]E x f x b ≥=+∞,则()()EEf x dxg x dx ==+∞⎰⎰结论成立.故b a ∀>,1,a b R ∈,[|()]E x f x b ≥<+∞,则[|()][|()][|()]E x f x a E x f x b E x a f x b ≥-≥=≤<[|()][|()][|()]mE x a f x b mE x f x a mE x f x b ≤<=≥-≥[;()][;()][;()]mE x g x a mE x g x b mE x a g x b =≥-≥=≤<m N ∀∈,及0,1,2,,21m k =- ,令,1[|()]22m k m m k k E E x f x +=≤<及 ,2[|()]m m m E E x f x m =≥则2,0mm m k k E E == ,,m k E 互不相交同样 ,,21[|()],[|()]22m m km m m m k k E E x g x E E x g x m +=≤<=≥, 2,0mm m k k E E == , ,m kE 互不相交 令 ~,,2200()(),()()22mmm k m km m m E m m mE k k k k x x x x ψχψχ====∑∑,则()m x ψ, ()m x ψ都是非负简单函数,且 (),()m m x x ψψ 均为单调不减关于m ,()()m x f x ψ→, ()()mx g x ψ→ 注意到,,11()[|()][|()]()2222m k m k m m m m k k k k m E mE x f x mE x g x m E ++=≤<=≤<= 故 22,,00()()()()22mmm m m m k m k m m m k k E Ek k x dx m E m E x dx ψψ=====∑∑⎰⎰ 故由Levi 定理知 ()lim ()lim ()()m m n n EEEEf x dx x dx x dxg x dx ψψ→∞→∞===⎰⎰⎰⎰7.设mE <+∞,()f x 是E 上的有界非负可测函数,0()f x M ≤<,()()()010,1,2,nn n n k g g g M n =<<<== 使{}()(1)max |1,2,,0()n n i i n n y y i k l n --==→→∞ ,()()()()1[|()],,1,2,,;1,2,3,n n n n n i i i i i n E E x y f x y E i k n ξ-=≤<∈== 证明: ()1()lim ()nk n n i i n i Ef x dx f mE ξ→∞==∑⎰证明:显然,由f 可测于E 知,()n i E 是可测集(1,n i k n N ∀≤≤∈)且()1nk n i i E E == ,又在()n i E 上()()1()n n i i y f x y -≤<表明()()()()1inf ()sup ()n n i i n n i i x E x E y f x f x y -∈∈≤≤≤ 记()()1sup ()nnn ik n D ix E i S f x mE ∈==∑ (大和数),()()1inf ()nn ni k n D i x E i s f x mE ∈==∑ (小和数)则从()f x 有界可测知()f x 在E 上可积(P129Th2),故()()()n n D D E EEs f x dx f x dx f x dx S ---∞<≤==≤<+∞⎰⎰⎰,又从()n n i i E ξ∈知()()()11()sup ()nnn n n ik k nn n D iii D x E i i s f mEf x mE S ξ∈==-∞<≤≤=<+∞∑∑()1()()nn n n nk n n D D i i D D i Es S f x dx f mE S s ξ=-≤-≤-∑⎰,则()(1111|()()|nnnn n k k kn n n nnn niiD D i i i n in i i i Ef x dx f mES s y ymE l mE l mE ξ→∞-===-≤-≤-≤=→∑∑∑⎰(从0n l →知)故()1()lim ()nk n n i i n i Ef x dx f mE ξ→∞==∑⎰8.设mE <+∞,()f x 是E 上的非负可测函数,()Ef x dx <+∞⎰,[;()]n e E x f x n =≥,证明:lim 0n n n me →∞⋅=证明:由本节习题5知()Ef x dx <+∞⎰,mE <+∞则02[|()2]k k k mE x f x +∞=≥<+∞∑ ,故lim 2[|()2]0k k n mE x f x →∞≥= (1)反证设l i m n n n m e →∞⋅>,则00,,k k N n ε∃>∀∈∃使0kk n n me ε⋅≥,,k k N i N ∀∈∃∈使122k k i i k n +≤<,所以2i k k n e e ⊂,显然从k n →∞知2k i →+∞10222220()kki i kkki i k n n me me me k ε+≤⋅≤=⋅→→∞得矛盾所以lim0n n n me →∞⋅= 9.设()f x 是E 上的非负可测函数,()Ef x dx <+∞⎰,对任意的0r >,令[|||||]()()E x x r F r f x dx <=⎰证明:()F r 是(0,)+∞上的连续函数证明:[|||||](0,)E x x r E B r <=⋂显然为可测集;又()f x 在E 上非负可测,故0r ∀>,f 在[|||||]r E E x x r < 上也可测,且0()()rE Ef x dx f x dx ≤≤<+∞⎰⎰,故()F r 是(0,)+∞上有定义的函数1)先设0()f x M ≤≤<+∞于E 上,此时00,0r r ∀>∀>有0000[|||||]0()()()E x r x r r F r r F r f x d ≤<+≤+-=⎰0000[;||||][(0,)\(0,)]MmE x r x r r Mm B r r B r ≤≤<+≤+0000(((0,))\(0,))(()()]0n n n n M m B r r mB r M w r r w r =+=+-→ (当0r →)这里(0,)nn mB r w r =最好是用(0,)(0,)()1n n B r mB r R dx w r ==⎰来看.(下一节!)也可这样看00((0,))(0,)0m B r r mB r +-→,0R r ∀>>{}12(0,)(,,,);n R n i B R I x x x x R R x R ⊂==∈-<< ,而12(,,,);(0,)n r n i nr r Ix x x x R x B r n n ⎧⎫==∈-<<⊂⎨⎬⎩⎭ ,故(0,)\(0,)\R r nB R B r I I⊂((0,)\(0,))(\)()()(2)(2)22()n n n n n n R r R r nnr rm B R B r m I I m I m I R R n n≤=-=-=-得不出结果!则000()()0F r r F r ≤+-→ 当0r <时0000|()()|()()(()()]0n n n n F r r F r F r F r r M w r w r r +-=-+≤-+→则()F r 是连续的对一般可测函数()f x ,令(),()(),()m f x f x Mf x m f x M≤⎧=⎨>⎩ min((),)f x m =,则0N f ≤可测于E ,且()()N f x f x →于E ,N f 单调不减,故由Levi 定理知lim ()m m EEf dx f x dx →∞=<+∞⎰⎰0,()N εε∀>∃,使0()()[()()]6N N EEEf x dx f x dx f x f x dx ε≤-=-<⎰⎰⎰对上述固定的()N N ε=,[|||||]()()N N E x x r F r f x dx <=⎰是连续于(0,)+∞上的则00(,,())(0,),r N r εεδδ∈+∞∃=0(,)0r εδ=>,当0||r r δ-<时0|()()|3N N F r F r ε-<则当0||r r δ-<时1230000|()()||()()||()()||()()|N N N N N N NF r F r F r F r F r F r F r F r I I I -≤-+-+-=++ 1[|||||][|||||][|||||]|()()||()()||(()())|N N N N E x x r E x x r E x x r I F r F r f x dx f x dx f x f x dx <<<-=-=-⎰⎰⎰[|||||]|(()())||(()())|3N N E x x r Ef x f x dx f x f x dx ε<≤-≤-<⎰⎰20|()()|3NN N I F r F r ε-< ,0300[|||||]|()()||(()())|(()())3N N N N E x x r EI F r F r f x f x dx f x f x dx ε<-=-≤-<⎰⎰则0|()()|F r F r ε-≤从而()F x 在(0,)+∞上连续得证.10.证明:若非负可测函数()f x 在E 上的积分()Ef x dx <+∞⎰,则对任意c ,0()Ec f x dx ≤≤<+∞⎰都有E 的可测集1E ,使1()E f x dx c =⎰证明:由第9题知,在本题条件下[|||||]()()E x x r F r f x dx <=⎰是(0,)+∞上的连续函数若0c =,则任取一单点0x E ∈,{}10E x =,则{}{}000()()0x f x dx f x m x ==⎰,即1()0E f x dx =⎰若()Ec f x dx =⎰,则取1E E =,则1()E f x dx c =⎰若0()Ec f x dx <<⎰注意到0r ∀>,{}(0,),||||B r x r r ∂== ((0,)B r 的边界) 满足11(0,)((0,)\(0,))m B r B r B r m+∞=∂=+11((0,))(((0,)\(0,)))m m B r m B r B r m+∞=∂=+11lim ((0,)\(0,))lim (())0n n n n n m B r B r w r r mm→∞→∞=+=+-= 若[|||||]m E E x x m =≤,0[|||||]m E E x x m =<,则0(\)((0,))0m m m E E m B m ≤∂=而()f x 非负可测,故011lim ()lim ()lim()()m m mm m EE EF m f x dx f x dx f x dx →∞→∞→∞===⎰⎰⎰则m 充分大时,()F m c > 另一方面,0lim ()0r F r +→=(当0f M <<有界时,010()()()((0,))0m r E F r f x dx Mm E Mm B r ≤=≤≤→⎰)一般,0ε∀>,()N ε∃,使||3N E Ef dx f dx εε-<⎰⎰,min(,)N f f N =,又()()0N F r ε→,当0r +→时,((),)N δδεε∃=当0r δ<<时,()|()|3N F r εε<当0r δ<<时()()()()20()|()()||()||||()|333N N N N EF r F r F r F r f f dx F r εεεεεεε≤≤-+≤-+<+=⎰ 故0lim ()0r F r +→=由连续函数的中介值定理知,存在00r >使000[|||||]()()E x x r c F r f x dx <==⎰,令10[|||||]E E x x r =<,则1E E ⊂,1E f dx c =⎰,证毕.11.设mE <+∞,12,,,m E E E 是E 的m 个可测子集,正整数k m ≤,证明:若E 中每一点至少属于k 个i E ,则有i ,使i kmE mE m≥ 证明:反证,设(1,2,,)i i m ∀= 有i kmE mE m<,则由于x E ∀∈,x 至少属于k 个i E ,故1()imE i x k χ=≥∑ (x E ∀∈),而i E E ⊂,故11()()im mi E i i E Em E E x dx k dx kmE χ==⋂=≥=∑∑⎰⎰111()m m mi i i i i kkmE m E E mE mE kmE m===≤⋂=<=∑∑∑得矛盾 所以i ∃使i kmE mE m≥.(徐森林书P242)12. 设mE <+∞,()0f x >且在E 上可测,证明:对任意0δ>,都有0d >,使只要1E E ⊂,1mE δ≥,便有1E f dx d ≥⎰证明:反证,设000,,,k k k E E mE δδ∃>∀∃⊂≥,但1kE f dx k<⎰令11[|()]1n F E x f x n n=≤<+ 1,2,n = ;[|()1]F E x f x =≥则n F ,F 都是可测集,且从()0f x >知1[|()0]n n E E x f x F F +∞==>=⋃1n n mE mF mF +∞=+∞>=+∑ (n F ,F 互不相交)所以0n ∃使00011()2n n n n n n mE mF mF mF δ+∞==+-+=<∑∑1()2n n n mE m F F δ=-⋃<,01(\)2n n n m E F F δ=⋃<0111(())((\))(())2n n n k k n k n k n n n n mE m E F F m E E F F m E F F δδ===≤=⋂⋃+⋂⋃<⋂⋃+故01(())2n k n n m E F F δ=⋂⋃≥在01n k n n E F F =⋂⋃ 上,01()1f x n ≥+ 所以111000()()1111()()(())1112n n kk n k n n n n k n n EE F F E F F f x dx f x dx dx m E F F k n n n δ===⋂⋃⋂⋃>≥≥=⋂⋃≥+++⎰⎰⎰k →+∞,得0010012n δ≥>+得矛盾,故结论不成立0mE =时,1E E ∀⊂,1()0E f x dx =⎰,结论不会成立13.设mE <+∞,()f x 是E 上的有界非负可测函数,证明有[0,]mE 上的非负单调不增函数()g y 使对任意常数a 都有[|()][|0,()]mE x f x a mE y y mE g y a ≥=≤≤≥,进而证明[0,]()()EmE f x dx g y dy =⎰⎰证明:1s R ∀∈,令()[|()|]f s mx f x s μ=>且{}*()inf 0|()f f t s s t μ=>≤,显然*()f t 是[0,)+∞上的非负单调不增函数,因为12t t ∀>,{}{}20|()0|()ff s s t s s t μμ>≤⊂>≤,从而**21()()f t f t ≥注意{}|()()f f s s ημημ⊂≤,从而*(())ff s s μ≤ (1)又由Levi 定理知()f s μ是右连续的121,,n n n n s s s s s s s s +∀→>≥≥≥≥≥ ,则{}{}1||()|||()|n n x f x s x f x s +>⊂>11[||()|][||()|]lim ()lim [||()|]lim ()lim ()n n f n n x f x s x f x s n n n n R R s m x f x s y dy y dy μχχ>>→∞→∞→∞→∞=>==⎰⎰1[||()|]()[||()|]()x f x s f R y dy m x f x s s χμ>==>=⎰,0,()n f n t s s tμ∀∃>≤,*()n s f t →,故从()f s μ右连续知*(())lim ()f f n n f t s t μμ→∞=≤ 即*(())f f t tμ≤(2)令**()[|()]f s m t f t s μ=>,则从*f 非增,知{}**()sup 0|()f s t f t s μ=>>(3)事实上*0()f t s μ∀≤<,则***,(),(),()f t t t s f t s f t s μ'''∃<<>>,则{}***[0,][0,()]0;()[0,()]f f t s t f t s s μμ⊂⊂>>⊂,故{}**0|()[0,()]f t f t s s μ>>=故{}**sup 0|()()f t f t s s μ>>=从(1)*(())f f s s μ≤知*()()f f s s μμ≥,从(3)若*()f t s μ>,则:*()f t s≤由(2)*()(())f f s f t t μμ≤≤ (注意f μ单调不增!) 由*()f t s μ>之任意性知*()()f f s s μμ≤,所以*()()f f s s μμ=即*[|()][|()][|()]mE x f x s m x f x s m t f t s >=>=>1a R ∀∈ 111[|()][[|()]]lim [[|()]]n n mE x f x a m E x f x a m E x f x a n n +∞→∞=≥=>-=>-***111lim [;()][[;()]][,()]n n m t f t a m t f t a m t f t a n n +∞→∞==>-=>-=≥ 注意:t mE >时*()0f t ≡,故当0a >时*[|()][0,]t f t a mE ≥⊂*[|()][|0,()]m x f x a m t t mE f t a ≥=≤≤≥当0a ≤时,[|()]m x f x a mE ≥=*[|0,()][|0]m x t mE f t a m t t mE mE ≤≤≥=≤≤=.所以有*[|()][|0,()]m x f x a m t t mE f t a ≥=≤≤≥. 令*()()g t f t =即证明了本题的第一部分.记[0,],mE I mI mE ==则且[|()][|()]mE x f x a mI y g y a ≥=≥[|()][|()][|()][|()]m x f x a mE m x f x a mI mI y g y a mI y g y a <=-≥=-≥=<故b a ∀<,有[|()][|()][|()][|()]mE x f x a mE x f x b mE x b f x a mI y b g y a <-<=≤<=≤<14.设(),1,2,3,n f x n = 都是E 的非负可测函数,1()()n n f x f x +≥ ,(,1,2,3,x E n ∈= ),()l i m ()nn fxf x →∞= 并且有0n 使0()n Ef x dx <+∞⎰,举例说明,当()n Ef x dx ⎰恒为+∞时,上述结论不成立.证明:()lim ()n n EEf x dx f x dx →∞=⎰⎰证明:令00()()(),()n n n s x f x f x n n =-≥ ,则()n s x 非负可测,且1()()n n s x s x +≥,0lim ()()()n n n s x f x f x →∞=-,对()n s x 用Levi 定理得lim ()lim ()n n n n E Es x dx s x dx →∞→∞=⎰⎰ ,即00()lim ()(()())()()n n n n n EEEEEfx dx f x dx f x f x dx f x dx f x dx →∞-=-=-⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰,00(),lim ()()n n n EEEf x dx f x dx f x dx →∞≤<+∞=⎰⎰⎰成立.反例:令n E R ⊂可测,mE =+∞,1()n f x n=于E 上,则11()()()n n f x f x f x +≥≥≥≥于E 上,lim ()0()n n f x f x →∞==于E 上,且1()n Ef x dx mE n==+∞⎰, ()0lim ()n n EEf x dx f x dx →∞=≠=+∞⎰⎰15.设()f x 是可测集E 上的非负可测函数,如果对任意m N ∀∈,都有[()]()mEEf x dx f x dx =<+∞⎰⎰ 则()f x 几乎处处等于一可测集合的示性函数.证明:令0[|()0]E E x f x ==,1[|()1]E E x f x ==,[|()1]E E x f x ∞=>,[|0()1]E E x f x =<<,则 01E E E E E ∞=⋃⋃⋃ 由于()f x 非负可测,故[()]m f x (m N ∀∈)也非负可测,故由Fatou 引理知lim[()]lim[()]lim [()]()mm m m m m E E EEmE f x dx f x dx f x dx f x dx ∞∞→∞→∞→∞∞⋅=≤≤=<+∞⎰⎰⎰⎰故0mE ∞=,从而有11[()][()]()()m m E E EEf x dx f x dx f x dx f x dx +=+⎰⎰⎰⎰而在1E 上()1f x =,故 11()[()]()()m E E EEf x dx f x dx f x dx f x dx +=+⎰⎰⎰⎰由0f ≥,且()Ef x dx <+∞⎰知1()E f x dx <+∞⎰,故 [()]()m EEf x dx f x dx =⎰⎰,即 (()[()])0m Ef x f x dx -=⎰,而()[()]0m f x f x ->于 E 上(m ∀),由此可知 0mE=(本节第4题) (Lemma :若0g >可测于可测集E 上,()0Eg x dx =⎰,则0mE =证明:令11[|()],[|()1]1k F E x g x F E x g x k k ∞=≤<=≥+,则 1k k E F F +∞∞=⎛⎫=⋃ ⎪⎝⎭, k N∀∈1()()0,01k k k F EmF g x dx g x dx mF k ≤≤==+⎰⎰ 0()()0,0F EmF g x dx g x dx mF∞∞∞≤≤≤==⎰⎰则10k k mE mF mF +∞∞==+=∑)由此可知,111()0.cE f x a e E ⎧=⎨⎩,于上,于上 所以对几乎处处x E ∈有1111()()0E x E f x x x E χ∈⎧==⎨∉⎩, ,16.证明:如果()f x 是E 上的可测函数,则对于任意常数0a >都有 1[||()|]|()|EmE x f x a f x dx a ≥≤⎰ [|()]exp ()a EmE x f x a e f x dx -≥≤⎰ 证明: [||()|]|()||()|[||()|]EE x f x a f x dx f x dx amE x f x a ≥≥≥≥⎰⎰则 1[||()|]|()|EmE x f x a f x dx a ≥≤⎰ 又若x E ∈,则()()f x a f x a e e ≥⇔≥,故[|()][|exp ()]a E x f x a E x f x e ≥=≥,从而由前一部分结果知[|()][|exp ()][||exp ()|]a a mE x f x a mE x f x e mE x f x e ≥=≥=≥ |exp ()|exp ()a a EEe f x dx e f x dx --≤=⎰⎰17.证明;如果()f x 是1R 上的非负可测函数,则对任意实数,,,,,0a b c t a b c <>,都有[,][,]1()()a b ca t cb t f cx t dx f x dx c +++=⎰⎰ 证明:1)若()()E f x x χ=,(E 为1R 上任一可测集),则结论成立,这里1()0E x Ex x Eχ∈⎧=⎨∉⎩, ,此时[,][,]111()([,])ca t cb t ca t cb t f x dx dx m E ca t cb t c c c ++++==⋂++⎰⎰ 而[,][,][,][|]()()([,][|])E a b a b a b x cx t E f cx t dx cx t dx dx m a b x cx t E χ⋂+∈+=+==⋂+∈⎰⎰⎰([,][])E tm a b c-=⋂[][]1,,c E t E t m a b m c a b c c c c ⎡⎤⎡⎤⎛-⎫⎛-⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫==⎢⎥⎢⎥ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎣⎦⎣⎦[][][][]11,,m ca cb E t m ca cb E t t c c ⎡⎤⎡⎤=-=-+⎣⎦⎣⎦ []()[],11,ca t cb t m ca t cb t E f x dx c c ++⎡⎤=++=⎣⎦⎰ 2)由内积的线性性质,当()f x 为简单函数时,结论也成立。

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