• The urinary system: to keep the body in homeostasis by
removing and restoring selected amount of water and solutes. It also excretes selected amount of various wastes.
• The genital system: to produce germ cells and to secrete
some hormones.
IV. The reference lines and abdominal regions 1. References lines of the thorax:
Part II Splanchnology
Chapter 4 The general Description
Part II Splanchnology
Chapter 4 The general Description
I. The definition and subdivisions of the splanchnology :
• Anterior median line • Lateral sternal line • Midclavicular line • Parasternal line • Anterior axillary line • Midaxillary line • Posterior axillary line • Scapular line • Paravertebral line • Posterior median line
Alimentary canal:
the mouth,
the pharynx,
the esophagus, the stomach,
the small intestines:
the duodenum, the jejunum,
the ileum
the large intestines:
the cecum and appendix,
upper left ( LUQ ) lower right ( RLQ ) lower left ( LLQ )
Part II Splanchnology
Chapter 5 The Alimentary System
Ⅰ. General Description:
* Constituents: 2 parts
II . The main functions of viscera: • The alimentary system: to ingest foods; secrete enzymes
that modify the sizes of food molecules; absorb the products of this digestive action and to eliminate the unused residua.
•
• 9 regions:
epigastric region umbilical region pubic (hypogastric) region right and left hypochondriac regions right and left lumbar（lateral）regions right and erence lines of abdomen and abdominal regions: • 2 transverse lines :
subcostal line transtubercular line
• 2 longitudinal lines:
mid-inguinal lines
2. Reference lines of abdomen and abdominal regions: • a transverse line through the
umbilicus and a vertical line in the midline of the body. • 4 regions: upper right ( RUQ )
• The respiratory system: to carry out the gass exchanges
--- supply of oxygen for the living cells and remove of carbon dioxide resulting from cell metabolism.
* Functions:
ingest foods, secrete enzymes, absorb nutrients eliminate unused residues
Ⅱ.The Mouth:
2 parts: oral vestibular, oral cavity proper.
* walls: oral lips, cheeks, palate,
alimentary system respiratory system urinary system genital system
• The study of viscera. • Most of them are situated in the thoracic, abdominal and
pelvic cavities and are associated with the pleura or peritoneum. • It also opened to outside of body directly or indirectly.
the colon, the rectum,
the anal canal
Digestive glands:
the salivary glands:
the parotid gland
the submandibular gland
the sublingual gland
the liver, the pancreas