英 3 Unit 3 Society and Family Life 社会与家庭生活—Talking about changes in the family and society谈论家庭与社会的变化学习目标1.描述发展趋势—名词/动词/修饰语（形容词/副词）①动词rise / increase /go up ; fall /decrease /decline /go down（用过去时描述过去某一时间/阶段发生的变化趋势；用现在完成时发生在过去但现在还在持续的变化趋势）Inflation fell from 8% in 1992 to 6% in 1995.通货膨胀从1992年的8%降到1995年的6%。
Inflation fell by 2% between 1992 and 1995.通货膨胀在1992年到1995年间下降了2%。
In general, unemployment has risen.总体上看失业率在上升。
Unemployment has gone up rapidly from 4%in 1997 to 8% now.失业率从1994年的4%迅速上升到现在的8%。
②名词 a rise /an increase in;a fall / a decrease /a decline in③形容词/副词（修饰/限定变化趋势）slow / slowly 慢的/慢慢地slight / slightly 微小的/地steady / steadily 平稳的/地rapid / rapidly 迅速的/地sharp / sharply 明显的/地significant / significantly显著的/地（形容词放在名词前；副词放在动词后）There has been a slight rise in population. 人口一直缓慢增长。
Unemployment has gone up slowly. 失业率缓慢上升。
④与描述变化趋势连用的介词from /to /byfrom描述变化的起始点to 描述变化的终止点by 描述变化的量The average wage fell from £8 per hour in 1992to£7 in 1995.平均工资从1992年的每小时8英镑降到了1995年的7英镑。
Unemployment has gone up rapidly from 4 % in 1997 to 8 % in 2000. 失业率从1997年的4%迅速上升到2000年的8%。
The temperature droppedto-8℃last night.昨天夜晚温度降到零下8摄氏度。
The average wage fell by £ 1 between 1992 and 1995.1992年到1995年间平均工资下降了1 英镑。
2.现在完成时（have /has +p.p.）①表示发生在过去的一件事，但与现在情况有联系—其影响结果尚存（不提过去的时间）I’ve lost my key. （无法进屋）She’s gone to town. （她不在这儿）②表示某个动作从过去一直持续到现在与for /since /how long连用（要用延续性v.）（非延续性v.不可与for/since连用，但其否定式可以）We’ve lived here for over 10years /since 1995.He has come here for 2 days.（×）→He has been here for 2 days.She hasn’t come here for a year.（√）非延续性v.—come/arrive→be here leave→be awayjoin→be in/be a member die→be deadbuy→have borrow→keep③常和already /yet /just /ever/never /before /recently这类副词连用The rain has already stopped （already）.（肯；p.p.前/句尾）Have you finished the work already? （疑；句尾）Has he phoned you yet? No, not yet. （疑/否；句尾）He’s just left. （肯/疑；p.p.前）Have you ever spoken English with a foreigner? （疑；p.p.前）I have never been to the Great Wall.（疑/否，不再用not；p.p.前）Have you seen Jim recently /lately?（肯/疑/否；句尾）I have seen him somewhere before. （肯/疑/否；句尾）④可以和从过去某时到现在这段时间的状语连用today / this week /this month /in the past（last/recent）years / so far /up to now3.连接词but和soThere has been a steady rise inproduction, but we have notemployed more staff. （表示转折，与前一句内容不一致）There has been a steady rise inproduction, so /and so wehaveemployed more staff. （表示承接，与前一句内容一致）4.描述习惯描述现在的习惯用一般现在时并常与表示频度的副词/短语连用①频度副词表示频度的词语②every +时间n.③基数词+times + a + 时间n.always usually often sometimes occasionally never总是100% 通常80% 经常60%有时20% 偶尔5% 从未0%regularly 常常now and again /from time to time 不时地/偶尔hardly 几乎不hardly ever 很少every morning / day /weekend / two months 句首/句尾once /twice /three times a day/week /month /year词序:①实意v.前; ②助/系v.后; ③动词宾语后;④句首（强调）5.描述家庭生活和关系fall /be in love with sb 爱上get on well with sb 与…相处得和睦go out with sb 与（异性）交往get /be engaged /married to sb 订婚/结婚marry /divorce sb （不用with）get /be divorced 离婚separated from sb 分居break up with sb 分手split up with sb 分开/离婚lone parent rate 单亲率marriage rate 结婚率divorce rate 离婚率birth rate 出生率cohabitation rate 同居率6.习语与句型Actt. 111.take care ofcare for 照料2.move about 走来走去3.wave to sb 向…挥手4.walk /go /pass by 走过5.be proud of 为…感到自豪6.keep in touch（with sb）保持联系7.call in 来访call on sb 拜访某人call at sw 拜访某地8.be +adj. for one’s age相对于年龄来说9.do sth to sb 对某人做某事Unit 3 keyActivity 1Part APart B1. e2.d3.f4.a5.b6.cActivity 2略Activity 3Part A1.A fter the last war there was a sharp in the population.2.D uring the last ten years there has been a significant rise in wo men’s wages.3.S ince last October there has been a slow fall in inflation.4.L ast year there was a slight increase in average wage.5.I n the last 100 years there has been a slow decline in the birthrate.6.L ast century there was a rapid rise in life expectancy.Part B1.A fter the last war the population rose sharply.2.D uring the last ten years women’s wages have risen significantly.3.S ince last October inflation has fallen slowly.4.T he average wage increase slightly last year.5.I n the last 100 years the birthrate decline slowly.6.7.L ife expectancy rose rapidly last century.Activity 41.b y; from; to; by; to2.b y; from; to; from; to; byActivity 6Part Aa.4b.1c.5d.2e.3Part B1.F -The rate increased steadily and inrecent years has increased much more rapidly.2.T3.T4.T5.F -90% of these are headed by awoman rather than a man .6.F -there’s been quite a decline in thebirth rate in the UK along with other European countriesActivity 71.h ave been2.h ave had ; increase3.i ncrease ;has increased4.h as gone down5.(ha)’s bee n quite a declineActivity 8Part B1.f ell in love with2.g ot on3.g ot engaged4.g ot married5.w ere married6.s eparated7.w ent out with/broke up8.g ot divorced9.h ave been divorced10.have been engagedActivity 91.There has been a big increase in lifeexpectancy, so there has been a big increase in the number of retired people.2.In the last ten year the number ofwomen in work has increased sharply, but women’s average wage has notincreased significantly.3.The divorce rate has gone up, but themarriage rate has not gone down.4.Public spending on hospitals hasincreased, so people’s health has improved.5.The birth rate and life expectancy haveincreased, so there has been an increase in the population.Activity 10Part A1. A. was going out with B. fellC. broke up2. was3. A. was B. was4. A. were waiting, asked B. saidC. wasn’t / was not5. A. went B. were having, askedC. said, felt6. A. were waiting, asked B. said7. A. started, said, was joking B. hitPart B下面每个新句子前面给出了每组句子的序列号，仔细检查代词的用法是否正确。