2024届高考英语二轮复习：定语从句导学案（含答案）2024年高考英语一轮复习——定语从句导学案定语从句概述定语从句（Adjective Clause）是指在复合句中用来修饰一个名词或代词的从句。
这个从句通常由关系词引导，将句子中关系密切的内容用一个句子来表示。
1. 定语从句的引导词：引导定语从句的关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有：that、which、who、whom、whose。
关系副词有：where、when、why。
2. 关系词在定语从句中的作用：关系词在定语从句中充当一部分语法成分，并引导定语从句与主句之间的关系。
关系代词的作用有：代替先行词，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
关系副词的作用有：代替先行词所表示的抽象内容，引导定语从句所缺少的成分。
3. 定语从句的位置和结构：定语从句通常位于先行词之后，与先行词之间有逗号隔开。
定语从句的结构与简单句相似，包括主语、谓语和其他修饰成分，只是其主语通常由关系代词或关系副词引导。
4. 定语从句的特点：定语从句既起着修饰作用，又起着句子成分的作用。
它插入到主句中，可以使句子更加丰富和准确。
以下是几个例子来说明定语从句的应用：- The book that you borrowed from the library is very interesting.（你从图书馆借的那本书很有趣。
）- The student who won the competition received a scholarship.（赢得比赛的那位学生获得了奖学金。
）- This is the place where we met last summer.（这是我们去年夏天见面的地方。
）- Do you know the reason why he resigned from his job （你知道他为什么辞去工作吗？）通过使用定语从句，我们可以给予更多关于名词或代词的描述和信息，帮助读者更好地理解句子含义。
定语从句关系词的使用定语从句是指用来修饰某个名词或代词的从句。
它通过添加额外的信息，进一步说明主句中的名词或代词。
定语从句通常使用关系词来引导，不同的关系词用于不同的情况。
下面是一些常见的关系词以及它们在定语从句中使用的情况：1. 关系词"that"：用于引导限制性定语从句，表示所修饰的名词或代词在先行词中是不可省略的。
例如：This is the book that I bought yesterday.（这是我昨天买的书。
）2. 关系词"which"：用于引导非限制性定语从句，表示所修饰的名词或代词在先行词中是可省略的。
非限制性定语从句提供的是附加信息，对整个句子的意义不产生显著的限制作用。
例如：The car, which is blue, belongs to my friend.（那辆蓝色的车属于我的朋友。
）3. 关系词"who"和"whom"：用于引导修饰人的定语从句。
"who"用作主语时，"whom"用作宾语。
例如：The woman who is standing over there is my teacher.（那个站在那里的女人是我的老师。
）4. 关系词"whose"：用于引导定语从句，修饰名词，表示所属关系。
例如：The students whose grades are excellent will receive awards.（成绩优异的学生将获得奖励。
）5. 关系词"where"：用于引导修饰地点的定语从句。
例如：This is the church where we got married.（这是我们举办婚礼的教堂。
）6. 关系词"when"：用于引导修饰时间的定语从句。
例如：The day whenI met him was unforgettable.（我遇到他的那一天是难以忘怀的。
）以上是一些常见的关系词和它们在定语从句中的使用情况。
需要注意的是，在口语中，有时可以省略关系词"that"、"which"和"who"，但在书面语中不可省略。
另外，关系词的选择也取决于所修饰的名词或代词的性质和先行词在句子中的角色。
定语从句和非限制性定语从句的关系当我们想要在一句话中给出关于某个名词或名词短语的进一步信息时，我们可以使用定语从句。
定语从句通常用来修饰一个名词，并且提供了额外的描述和限制性信息。
在英语中，有两种类型的定语从句：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
1. 限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句也被称为定义性定语从句，它提供了对先行词的必要定义和限制，它提供的信息对于理解先行词的意义至关重要。
这种定语从句不能被省略，因为如果它被省略，整个句子的意义就会发生改变。
限制性定语从句的引导词通常有关系代词：that, who, whom, whose, which，以及关系副词：where, when, why。
例如：- The book that I bought yesterday is on the table.（昨天我买的那本书在桌子上。
）- The man who is standing over there is my teacher.（站在那边的那个人是我的老师。
）在以上例句中，定语从句“that I bought yesterday”和“who is standing over there”分别修饰了名词“book”和“man”。
2. 非限制性定语从句：非限制性定语从句是对先行词做额外的描述，但并不对先行词的意义和理解起到必要的限制作用。
这种定语从句提供的信息可以省略，从而不会改变整个句子的基本意思。
非限制性定语从句用来增加额外的信息、补充描述、提供进一步的解释或解释，而不是对主句的内容进行限定。
它用逗号或破折号括起来，并且通常以关系代词：who, whom, whose, which 或关系副词：where, when, why 引导。
例如：- My brother, who lives in Japan, is coming to visit me.（我在倭国住的弟弟要来看我。
）- The Taj Mahal, which was built in the 17th century, is a famous touristattraction.（建于17世纪的泰姬陵是一处著名的旅游景点。
）在以上例句中，非限制性定语从句“who lives in Japan”和“which was built in the 17th century”提供了额外的信息，但并不对先行词“brother”和“Taj Mahal”的意义起到限制作用。
总结来说，定语从句是一种用来修饰名词或名词短语的句子。
限制性定语从句在定义和限制先行词的意义方面起到关键作用，而非限制性定语从句则提供额外的描述和说明。
四、例题练习1. The man __________ is wearing a red hat is my brother.2. The lady, __________ is a famous singer, will perform tonight.3. He showed me a book __________ cover was torn.4. The house __________ we bought last year is very old.5. The singer, __________ I admire a lot, just released a new album.6. The car __________ we rented broke down on the way.7. The girl __________ father is a doctor is my best friend.8. The company, __________ sales have been booming, is expanding rapidly.9. The tree __________ leaves had turned yellow was in our backyard.10. The movie, __________ I watched last night, was absolutely fantastic.11. These are the flowers __________ Jason gave me on my birthday.12. The cake, __________ recipe is a secret, tastes delicious.13. The necklace __________ she wore at the party was very expensive.14. She introduced me to her friend __________ just moved to the city.15. The boy, __________ parents are both teachers, is very intelligent.16. The restaurant, __________ specializes in Italian cuisine, is my favorite.17. The dog __________ was lost has been found by its owner.18. The house, __________ windows were broken, was vandalized.19. The song, __________ lyrics touched my heart, made me cry.20. The man, __________ I saw at the train station, was talking on the phone.21. The doctor, __________ I had an appointment with, was running late.22. The dress __________ she wore to the party was stunning.23. The book, __________ author is unknown, became a bestseller.24. The laptop, __________ I bought last week, is really fast.25. The girl __________ hair is curly is my sister's classmate.26. The letter, __________ I received yesterday, brought good news.27. The movie, __________ I saw recently, won several awards.28. The woman, __________ car broke down on the highway, asked for help.29. The company, __________ employees are highly motivated, has great success.30. The teacher __________ lectures are always interesting is loved by the students.It is familiar to us Chinese that the year of 2023 is the Year of the Rabbit, ___31___reminds us of the “rabbit” on the moon, China’s Yutu-2 lunar rover (月球车).The Yutu-2 is named ___32___ the pet rabbit of the Chinese moon goddess Chang’e. On January 3, 2023, the rover was brought to the far side of the moon by China’s Chang’e-4 lunar probe. It was the first-ever soft landing on the___33___ (previous) uncharted area of the lunar surface.The Chang’e-4 lunar probe consists of a lander and the Yutu-2 rover. Before its launch, a relay satellite ___34___ (send) into space in May 2023 to facilitate earth-moon communication. So far, the rover has collected___35___(value) data on solar wind, soil, gel-like rocks and dead volcanoes. The data and images sent back by the Yutu-2 have enhanced geography knowledge of the landing site, ___36___ (deepen) understanding of the formation and evolution of the moon.Of the many pictures of the lunar landscape___37___(take) by the Yutu-2, one square object caused great debate among people on Earth. When the rover finally approached the object, it turned out to be___38___rabbit-shaped rock. What an interesting coincidence!The Yutu-2___39___(travel) more than 1, 400 meters on the far side of the moon till now. It will continue to uncover more____40____(mystery) of the moon.答案：1. who/that2. who/whom/that3. whose4. which/that5. whom/that6. that/which7. whose8. whose9. whose10. which/that11. that/which12. whose13. whose14. who/that15. whose16. which/that17. that/which18. whose/which19. whose20. whom/who/that21. whom/with whom22. whose23. whose24. which/that25. whose26. which/that27. that/which28. whose/which29. whose30. whose31．which 32．after 33．previously 34．was sent 35．valuable 36．deepening 37．taken 38．a 39．has travelled##has traveled 40．mysteries【导语】本文是一篇说明文。