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2022年中考英语语法专题之形容词和副词的用法(含练习和答案)

形容词和副词的用法1.To learn the basic usage of adjectives and adverbs in this unit.2.To learn the comparative level of adjectives and adverbs in this unit3.Attract students’ interest to English learning.【考点1】形容词和副词的基本用法(一)形容词1. 形容词的用法及位置说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态,常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。

(1) 作定语,放在名词之前,复合不定代词之后。

如:The nice girl is my sister.(2) 作表语,放在系动词之后。

如:He looks very happy.(3) 作宾补,放在宾语之前,常与make, leave, keep等动词连用。

如:You must keep your eyes closed.【即学即练】Paul stayed up late to watch the soccer game last night and now he feels very _____.(2016贵阳)A. sleepB. asleepC. sleepy答案:C2. 形容词的名词化某些形容词放在定冠词之后,变成名词,表示一类人,常见词有good/ bad/, rich/ poor, young/ old, black/ white等。

如:The young should be polite to the old.3. 形容词的顺序当名词由两个以上的形容词(包括一些具有形容词功能的限定词)修饰时,这些词的顺序通常遵循一定的规则,一般不得随意调换,也不能依照汉语的意思去排列。

通常可按下面的次序排列:(1) 限定词,包括:冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词等。

(2) 表示观点的描绘性形容词,如beautiful, fine, interesting等。

(3) 表示大小、长短、高低等的形容词,如tall, high, small, little, round等。

(4) 表示年龄、新旧的形容词,如:young, old, new等。

(5) 表示颜色的形容词,如black, white, blue等。

(6) 表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词,如Japanese, American, English, rural等。

(7) 表示形成中心名词的材料的形容词,如:plastic, silky, wooden等。

如:two round blue plastic plates 两个圆形的蓝色塑料盘顺口溜:限定描绘大长高,形状年龄新和老,色国料4. 常见名词变形容词的方法(二)副词1. 副词的分类(1) 时间副词时间副词有now, then, today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, ago, lately, early,already, yet, ever等。

时间副词是确定句子时态的重要标志,所以一定要牢固掌握不同时态的时间标志。

(2) 地点副词地点副词有outside, inside, upstairs, here, there, home, near, away, in, back,off, up, anywhere等。

地点副词和动词连用时不加介词。

(3) 方式副词方式副词有quickly, happily, loudly, suddenly, luckily, badly, easily, fast等。

方式副词大多由“形容词+ly”构成。

(4) 程度副词程度副词有very, quite, rather, too, much, so等。

有些程度副词可以修饰形容词、副词的原级,有些能修饰形容词、副词的比较级。

(5) 疑问副词疑问副词有when, where, why, how等。

疑问副词常用来构成特殊疑问句。

(6) 关系副词关系副词有when, where, why。

关系副词常用来引导定语从句。

(7) 频度副词频度副词有often, usually, never等。

2. 副词的功能(1) 作状语如:He works hard.(2) 作表语如:He is in.(3) 作宾语补足语如:Let them in.【即学即练】1. —Could you tell me _____ you'll go to Paris?—Next month.A. whyB. whereC. whenD. how2. —______ are the students in your class?—Most of them are only fourteen.A. How longB. How oldC. How manyD. How often3. —Have you ever been to Beijing?—No, ________.A. neverB. everC. alwaysD. sometimes答案:CBA【考点2】形容词和副词的比较等级(一)形容词的比较等级1. 形容词原级的用法(1) 说明人或事物自身的特征、性质或状态时用形容词原级。

如:The flowers in the garden are beautiful.(2) 有副词very, so, too, enough, quite等修饰时,用形容词原级。

如:The boy is too young.(3) 表示A与B在某方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。

①肯定句中的结构:“A…+as+形容词原级+ as + B”,表示“A和B一样”。

如:English is as interesting as Chinese.②否定句中的结构:“A…+as/so+形容词原级+ as + B”,表示“A不如B”。

如:This book isn’t so new as that one.③表示“A是B的……倍”时,用“A…+倍数+as+形容词原级+as + B”结构(一倍:once, 二倍:twice; 三倍及以上:基数词+times)。

如:Our school is three times as big as theirs.④half as+形容词原级+as表示“…是…的一半”。

如:Her room is half as big as yours.2. 形容词比较级的用法(1) 形容词比较等级的构成规则变化不规则变化(2) 形容词比较级的用法①表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级,其结构为“A…+比较级+than+B”。

如:Lily’s room is bigger than mine.②有表示程度的副词a little, a bit, a great deal, a lot, much, even, still, far等修饰形容词时,该形容词可以用比较级。

如:The weather of Tianjin is much colder than that of Guangzhou in winter.③表示在两者之间选择“哪一个更……”时,用句型“Which / Who + be +形容词比较级,A或B?”表示。

如:Who is taller, Li Ming or Wang Tao?④表示“几倍于……”时,用“倍数+比较级+than”表示。

如:Your room is three times bigger than mine.⑤表示“两者之间比较……的一个(of the two)”时,常用“the + 比较级”结构。

如:Mary is the taller of the twins.⑥表示“越来越……”,用比较级重叠结构,即“比较级+and+比较级”,当形容词为多音节词或部分双音节词时,用“more and more + 形容词原级”。

如:It’s getting warmer and warmer in spring.⑦表示“越……越……”时,用“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构。

如:The more, the better.(3) 形容词最高级的用法①表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用最高级形式。

形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the,句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围。

如:Shanghai is the biggest city in China.②表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时,用“Which / Who + be +the + 形容词最高级,A,B,or C?”结构。

如:Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou?③表示“最……的……之一”时,用“one of the + 形容词最高级+ 可数名词复数”结构。

如:Jay Zhou is one of the most popular singers.④形容词最高级前面可以加序数词,表示“第几最……”。

如:The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.⑤形容词最高级前面有形容词性物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰时,不能再用定冠词。

如:This is our best lesson today.⑥形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。

如:Li Lei is the tallest student in his class.= Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class.【即学即练】1. The talent show is ______ the game show. I like both.A. as boring asB. not so bored asC. as interesting asD. not so interested as2. —I think it's necessary to learn how to work in groups.—I quite agree. Sometimes it's even ______ than grades.A. less importantB. more importantC. the least importantD. the most important3. —This kind of watch is much _____ today than last month. Would you like tohave one?—Really? I'll take one.A. the most expensiveB. the cheapestC. more expensiveD. cheaper4. —"Food Safety" problem is becoming _____ these days.—I think so. The government must do something to deal with it.A. smaller and smallerB. worse and worseC. better and betterD. nicer and nicer5. The earlier kids learn to be independent, the ______ it is for their future.A. goodB. wellC. betterD. best答案:CBDBC*重点语法须知:the same(as),different(from),like及the same...as1)the same与differentThe same一样,相同,强调事物的相似度极高,几乎无差别。

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