She has already come.她已经来了。
I haven’t read it yet.我还没读过这个。
I have met him before.我从前曾见过他。
Ma Hong has always been a good student.马红一直是个好学生。
I have often seen him in the street.我经常在街上看见他。
We haven’t seen you recently.最近我们没有见到你。
They have been away for two years.他们离开已经两年了。
Shehas been with us since Monday.
三．注意：
1.since和for的区别
since后接时间点，如1993，lastterm, yesterday, the time I got there
17. have caught /get a cold→have had a cold
18. have got to know→have known
19. have/has gone to→have been in
20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army→have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party’s member/the league member/the soldier„
3. His aunt has lived inAustralia______15 days.
4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock.
5.Indiahas been an independent country ______1974.
12. have started/begun to do sth.→have done sth.
13. have begun→have been on
14. have borrowed/bought→have kept/had
15. have lost→haven’t had
16. have put on→have worn
7、be open代open
8、be closed代close/shut
9、be missing(gone,lost)代lose
c)用“be+副词”代终止性动词
1、“be on”代start,begin
2“be up”代get up
3“be back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to
Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
Has he not (Hasn’t he) studied…?
Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
二．用法：
1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。
My daughter has just gone out.我女儿刚出去。
3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to
常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表
1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.→have been in sw./at相应的介词
2. have come/gone back/returned→have been back
I’m sure we’ve met before.我肯定我们以前见过面。
She has arrived.她到了。
2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。如：
I haven’t heard from her these days.这些日子我没有收到她的信。
2、用keep或have代替borrow：I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.
3、用be替代become：How long has your sister been a teacher?
4、用have a cold代替catch a cold：Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.
8. have left sw.→have been away from sw
9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep→have been asleep
10. have finished/ended/completed→have been over
11. have married→have been married
(2).以“ e ”结尾的动词只在词尾加“ d ”。live---lived---lived ,
(3).以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词将"y"变为"i"再加“ ed ”。
study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried
(4).重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”。
They have left only for 5 minutes. ×
以上三句话可以改为：
He has been here for 2 weeks.
The old man has ______ _______ for 4 months.
They have _____ _____ only for 5 minutes
现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：
否定式
疑问式
I have not (haven’t) studied….
Have I studied…?
You have not (haven’t) studied….
Have you studied…?
2.表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：
He has come here for 2 weeks. ×
The old man has died for 4 months. ×
4. Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office.
6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes.
7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years.
8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October.
for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。
Exercise:用since和for填空
1. Jim has been inIreland______ Monday.
2. Jill has been inIreland______ three days.
They have never been to Yan’an.他们从未去过延安。
I haven't seen him lately.我近来没看到他。
四、过去分词
1、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：
(1).一般动词在词尾直接加“ ed ”。work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited
5、用wear代替put on
b)用“be+形容词”代终止性动词
1、be married代marry
2、be ill代fall (get) ill
3、be dead代die
4、be asleep代fall (get) asleep
5、be awake代wake/wake up
6、be gone代lose,die,sell,leave
He has not (hasn’t) studied….
Has he studied…?
否定疑问式
简单回答（肯定/否定）
Have I not (Haven’t I) studied…?
Yes, you have. No, you haven’t.
Have you not (Haven’t you) studied…?
教师教学讲义
学生姓名：年级：初一教师：科任教师电话：
课题
现在完成时
教学时间
2017年月2日
重点、难点
时态特点
教学监
督电话
考点及考试要求
选择，填空，句型转换，作文
学科组
长签字
教学内容
一．构成：现在完成时由助动词have +过去分词构成，助动词have有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have.
4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等