大学英语四级阅读理解训练（一)Classified advertising is that advertising which is grouped in certain secti ons of the paper and is thus distinguished from display advertising。
Suc h groupings as “Help Wanted"，“Real Estate”，“Lost and Found” are made, the rate charged being less than for display advertising. Classified advertisements are a convenience to the reader and a saving to the adverti ser.The reader who is interested in a particular kind of advertisement finds alladvertisements of that type grouped for him. The advertisers may, on this account, use a very small advertisement if it were placed among larger ad vertisements in the paper。
It is evident that the reader approaches the cla ssified advertisement in a different frame of mind from that in which he a pproaches the other advertisements in the paper. He turns to a page of clas sified advertisements to search for the particularadvertisement that will meet his needs. As his attention is voluntary， the advertiser does not need to rely too much extent on display type to get th e reader's attention. Formerly all classified advertisements were of the sa me size and did not have display type。
With the increase in the number of such advertisements, however, each advertiser within a certain group is competing with others in the same group for the reader’s attention。
In many cases, the result has been an increase in the size of the space used and the addition of headlines and pictures。
In that way， the classified ad vertisement has in reality advertisement。
This is particularly true of real estate advertising？1. All of the following facts are advantages of classified advertisement for advertisers EXCEPT that ____.A) classified advertisement charges less moneyB） it is easier to attract the attention of the target consumers C） it provi des more information for the readers D） it does not have to rely too muc h on display type2。
One of the examples given of types of classified advertisement is ___ _ A) houses for saleB） people who are asking for help C） people who are lost D) job vacan cies3。
What sort of attitude do people have when they look at classified adv ertisement, according to the writer?A) They are in the frame of mind to buy anything. B） They are looking f or something they need。
C) They feel lost because there are so many advertisements。
D) They fe el the same as when they look at display advertisements. 4．According to the passage， in which way have the classified advertis ements changed nowadays？A） They depend more on display type。
B) More money is charged forthem. C) They are divided into more groups。
D) They are less formal。
5．Why have classified advertisements changed in appearance？ A） Be cause people no longer want headlines and pictures. B） Because real est ate advertising is particularly truthful now。
C) Because the increase in the number of such advertisements means they have to be small now。
D） Because there are more advertisements now and more competition a mong advertisers。
答案与解析： 1。
C分类广告的优越性不包括为读者提供更多的信息。
事实辨析题.从文中可看出，分类广告的优越性在于收费低、无需很多的展现形式，以及更易吸引对某类广告感兴趣的读者的注意力,因此A，B,D都正确。
文中唯独没有提到C。
2。
A房地产业就是分类广告的其中一块.细节题。
本题考察对“Real Estate”的理解,它的意思是“房地产"，故选项A 正确。
3。
B当读者看分类广告时，他们会搜索自己需要的信息。
事实辨析题。
从文中可知，读者在看分类广告时和看展示广告的注意力的模式是不一样的,他们会去浏览自己感兴趣的类别，查找所需信息。
故选项B正确.4. A根据文章，分类广告更多地依赖展现形式。
推断题。
文章最后指出，由于竞争的加剧，分类广告商们不得不用大标题和图片来吸引读者的注意力。
故选项A正确。
5. D因为现在更多广告的投入和广告商之间的竞争日益加剧,所以分类广告不断变化形式.事实辨析题。
文中指出，分类广告的变化是由于“With the increase in the number of such advertisements， however， e ach advertiser within a certain group is competing with others in the same group for the reader's attention”，故选项D正确。
大学英语四级阅读理解训练(二）Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm p raise to old cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists， who stu dy the relation between actions and, argue that rewards can improve perfo rmance at work and school。
Some other researchers who study various a spects of mental life， maintain those rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others. The latter vie w has gained many supporters， especially among educators。
But the c areful use of small monetary rewards sparks in grade-school children sug gesting that properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, acc ording to a study in the June Journal Personality and Social Psychology。
“If they know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task， they show the most creativity，” says Robert Esenber ger of the University of Delaware in Newark。