大学英语四级阅读理解训练（一）Classified advertising is that advertising which is grouped in certain sectio ns of the paper and is thus distinguished from display advertising.Such gr oupings as“Help Wanted”,“Real Estate”,“Lost and Found”are made,the rate charged being less than for display advertising.Classified a dvertisements are a convenience to the reader and a saving to the advertis er.The reader who is interested in a particular kind of advertisement finds all advertisements of that type grouped for him.The advertisers may,on this account,use a very small advertisement if it were placed among larger ad vertisements in the paper.It is evident that the reader approaches the clas sified advertisement in a different frame of mind from that in which he app roaches the other advertisements in the paper.He turns to a page of classi fied advertisements to search for the particularadvertisement that will meet his needs.As his attention is voluntary,the a dvertiser does not need to rely too much extent on display type to get the reader’s attention.Formerly all classified advertisements were of the sam e size and did not have display type.With the increase in the number of su ch advertisements,however,each advertiser within a certain group is petin g with others in the same group for the reader’s attention.In many case s,the result has been an increase in the size of the space used and the ad dition of headlines and pictures.In that way,the classified advertisement has in reality advertisement.This is particularly true of real estate advertisin g?1.All of the following facts are advantages of classified advertisement for advertisers EXCEPT that____.A)classified advertisement charges less moneyB)it is easier to attract the attention of the target consumers C)it provides more information for the readers D)it does not have to rely too much on display type2.One of the examples given of types of classified advertisement is____A)houses for saleB)people who are asking for help C)people who are lost D)job vacancies3.What sort of attitude do people have when they look at classified adverti sement,according to the writer?A)They are in the frame of mind to buy anything.B)They are looking for something they need.C)They feel lost because there are so many advertisements.D)They feel t he same as when they look at display advertisements.4．According to the passage,in which way have the classified advertisem ents changed nowadays?A)They depend more on display type.B)More money is charged for them .C)They are divided into more groups.D)They are less formal. 5．Why have classified advertisements changed in appearance?A)Because people no longer want headlines and pictures.B)Because real estate ad vertising is particularly truthful now.C)Because the increase in the number of such advertisements means they have to be small now.D)Because there are more advertisements now and more petition among advertisers.答案与解析：1.C分类广告的优越性不包括为读者提供更多的信息。
事实辨析题。
从文中可看出，分类广告的优越性在于收费低、无需很多的展现形式，以及更易吸引对某类广告感兴趣的读者的注意力，因此A，B，D都正确。
文中唯独没有提到C。
2.A房地产业就是分类广告的其中一块。
细节题。
本题考察对“Real Estate”的理解，它的意思是“房地产”，故选项A正确。
3.B当读者看分类广告时，他们会搜索自己需要的信息。
事实辨析题。
从文中可知，读者在看分类广告时和看展示广告的注意力的模式是不一样的，他们会去浏览自己感兴趣的类别，查找所需信息。
故选项B正确。
4.A根据文章，分类广告更多地依赖展现形式。
推断题。
文章最后指出，由于竞争的加剧，分类广告商们不得不用大标题和图片来吸引读者的注意力。
故选项A正确。
5.D因为现在更多广告的投入和广告商之间的竞争日益加剧，所以分类广告不断变化形式。
事实辨析题。
文中指出，分类广告的变化是由于“With the increase in the number of such advertisements,however,each advertiser within a certain group is peting with others in the same group f or the reader’s attention”，故选项D正确。
大学英语四级阅读理解训练（二）Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards,from warm pr aise to old cash,affect motivation and creativity.Behaviorists,who study t he relation between actions and,argue that rewards can improve performa nce at work and school.Some other researchers who study various aspect s of mental life,maintain those rewards often destroy creativity byencoura ging dependence on approval and gifts from others.The latter view has g ained many supporters,especially among educators.But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks in grade-school children suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness,according to a s tudy in the June Journal Personality and Social Psychology.“If they know they're working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task,they show the most creativity,”says Robert Esenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark.“But it's easy to kill creativity b y giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation f or rewards.”A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out hi gh grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students,Esenberger holds.As an example of the latter point,he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore falling grade s.In earlier grades,the use of so-called token economics,in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points towar d valued rewards,shows promise in raising effort and creativity,the Delaw are psychologist claims.1.Psychologists are divided with regard to their a ttitudes toward____.A)the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewardsB)the appropriate amount of external rewards C)the study of relationship between actions andD)the effects of external rewards on students'performance2.What is the view held by many educators concerning external rewards f or students?A)They approve of external rewards.B)They don't think exte rnal rewards.C)They have doubts about external rewards.D)They believe external rewards can motivate small children,but not colle ge students.3.According to the result of the study mentioned in the pass age,what should educators do to stimulate motivation and creativity?A)G ive rewards for performances which deserve them.B)Always promise rew ards.C)Assign tasks which are not very challenging.D)Be more lenient to students when mistakes are made.4.It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe____.A)rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students’B)pu nishment is more effective than rewardingC)failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standar ds D)discouraging the students anticipation for easy rewards is matter of urgency5．Which of the following facts about“token economics”is n ot correct?A)Students are assigned challenging tasks.B)Rewards are gi ven for good performances.C)Students are evaluated according to the effort they put into the task.D) With token economics,students’creativity can be enhanced.答案与解析：1.D心理学家认为外界的奖励对学生会有不同的影响。