Diaphragm
Falx cerebri Sphenoidal sinus
Frontal sinus
Nasal cavity Superior and supreme
M iddle I nferior
Nasal vestibule
Nasal turbinates (conchae)
Ostium of auditory tube Oral cavity
肺癌发生率：病理类型、性别、种族 (1973-1996)
Rate per 60 100,000 people (log scale)
10
鳞癌
腺癌
大细胞癌
小细胞癌
1
1973-5 85-7 94-6 73-5
85-7 94-6 73-5 85-7
Year of diagnosis
94-6 73-5
85-7 94-6
Extrapulmonary
Intrapulmonary
M usclesof inspiration
Principal
External intercostals (elevate ribs)
Accessory
Sternocleidomastoid (elevates ster num)
Scalenus anterior middle posterior
Anterior wall
Cross section through trachea
Posterior wall
To upper lobe
To middle lobe
To lower lobe
Eparterial bronchus
Nerve Small arteries
Gland Elastic fibres
男性黑人
女性黑人
男性白人
女性白人
Wingo et al 1999
肺癌的流行病学特点
– 90-92年肺癌占恶性肿瘤死因第1位的省市 :
上 海: 43.53/10万 天 津: 38.86 辽 宁: 32.07 黑龙江: 29.06 吉 林: 28.06 云 南: 23.07 北 京: 22.25 内蒙古: 22.04
肺癌课件
美国癌症死亡率 (1992-1996)
死亡率 80 100,000 70 人/每年 60
50 40 30 20 10
0
直肠癌
胰腺癌
男 女
肺癌
前列腺癌 乳腺癌 卵巢癌
Ries et al 1999
美国肺癌发病率和死亡率 (1973-1996)
Rate per 100 100,000 people (log scale)
Trachealis muscle Oesophageal muscle Epithelium Lymph vessels
© Novartis
R. main bronchus
L. main bronchus
To upper lobe
To lingula
To lower lobe
Intrapulmonary
Tongue Epiglottis Larynx Vocal fold (cord) Trachea
Subclavian artery and vein
Aorta
L. pulmonary artery L. main bronchus
Lymph nodes Pericardium Sternum (cut away) 6th and 7th costal cartilages Rectus abdominis muscle Linea alba I nternal oblique muscle External oblique muscle (cut away)
肺癌的流行病学特点
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
全国
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
上海
72--74 90--92
广东
解剖和病理
Anatomy and Pathology
Pituitary gland Pons
© Novartis
Dura mater M edulla oblongata Nasopharynx Oropharynx
(elevate and fix upper ribs)
Parasternal intercartilaginous muscles (elevate ribs)
Diaphragm (domes descend, increasing longitudinal dimension of chest and elevating lower ribs)
Structure of trachea and major bronchi
Thyroid cartilage Cricothyroid ligament
Cricoid cartilage
Connective tissue sheath Cartilage Elastic fibres Gland Small artery Lymph vessels Nerve
Visceral pleura over right lung
H ilus of right lung
Pericardial mediastinal pleura
Substernal and subcostal parietal pleura
Diaphragmatic parietal pleura
Epithelium
Connective tissue sheath (cut away)
Intercarti l agi nous ligaments
Tracheal cartilages
Mucosa showing longitudual folds formed by dense collections of elastic fibres
50
Incidence - males Mortality - males Incidence - females Mortality - females 10
1974 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96
Year of diagnosis/death
Ries et al 1999
Laryngopharynx (hypopharynx)
Oesophagus
Cupula (dome) of pleura Clavicle
1st rib
Subcostal parietal pleura
M ediastinal parietal pleura
R. main bronchus
R. pulmonary artery