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Native Language Transfer Does Exist.
母语迁移现象确实存在
• The age of the learner: around 20 学习者的年龄：20上下
• The learning context：Chinese 学习的语境：汉语
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Examples of Negative Transfer
Shanghai is said to have thirty-three million population. Shanghai is said to have a population of thirty-three million. Shanghai is said to have thirty-three million people.
英汉 对比与翻译
English-Chinese Contrast and Translation
欢迎光临
1
A Chinese poem says, “A bosom friend afar brings a distant land near.” 海内存知己，天涯若比邻
Wishing you happiness every day!
2
英汉 对比与翻译
Three Parts
1. Language transfer （语言迁移）
2. Linguis欢tic c迎ont光rast临（语言对比）
3. Contrast and translation （对比与翻译）
3
Part One
Language Transfer in FL Learning: Interference or Facilitation?
东南西北 衣食住行 饥寒交迫
或迟或早 废寝忘食 田径项目
悲欢离合 水陆交通 生老病死
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Examples of Negative Transfer
5、他建议我接受这个报价。 He suggested me to accept this offer . He suggested that I (should) accept this offer . He suggested my (me) accepting this offer .
languages 对两种语言的差异所知甚少 • unconscious falling back on the mother tongue
speech habit 不自觉地回归母语的言语习惯 Chinglish = English words + Chinese structure 汉语式英语 = 英语单词 + 汉语结构
在有些中国方言（如南京/闽南方言）中没有辅音/n/或
/f/，而用辅音/l/或/h/来替代。
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Examples of Negative Transfer
2、他一天只吃两顿饭。
He only eat two meal a day.
(eats) (meals)
我去年到北京去了三次。
I go to Beijing 3 time last year.
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Negative Transfer (负迁移): Interference (干扰)
Causes: • analogical use of one’s prior knowledge of the
mother tongue 母语先知结构的类推运用 • scanty knowledge of differences between the two
other language that has been previously
acquired .
Odlin (1989: 27)
迁移是由于目标语与已经习得的语言之
间的相似和差异而产生的 影响。
奥德林
5
Two Types of Transfer
• Negative Transfer • Positive Transfer
(负迁移)
（正迁移）
Errors arise from
Errors decrease by
analogy.
analysis.
类推会产生错误。
分析能减少错误。
Keen awareness of the similarities and differences between the two languages can facilitate FL learning. 对两种语言相似与相异点的敏锐意识能促进外语学习。
外语学习中的语言迁移： 干扰还是促进？
4
What Is Language Transfer?
Transfer is the influence resulting
from the similarities and differences
between the targຫໍສະໝຸດ t language and any
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Examples of Negative Transfer
4、要采取措施缩小贫富差距。 Measures must be taken to narrow the gap between the poor and the rich. the rich and the poor
Word order transfer (词序迁移)
1、这位作家喜欢晚上写作。
The writer likes writing at light.
他不怕死。
(night)
He does not hear to die. (fear)
Phonological transfer (语音迁移)
The sound /n/ or /f/ does not exist in some Chinese dialects and /l/ or /h/ serves as a substitute.
Collocation transfer (搭配迁移) The noun renkou, the Chinese equivalent of ‘population’, can have a numerical pre-modifier.
Population的汉语对应词“人口”在汉语中可以 用前置数词来修饰。
(went)
(times)
Morphological transfer （词形迁移）
Neither nouns nor verbs have inflections in
Chinese. 在汉语中，名词和动词都没有形态变化。
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Examples of Negative Transfer
3、据说上海有三千三百万人口。