四 一些特殊结构的被动形式
双宾动词的被动结构，带复合宾语动词的被动结构， be+过去分词+不定式，It+be+过去分词+从句
eg: ①She was given a warm welcome. ②She was heard singing in the next room. ③She is said to know five languages. ④It was reported that they have discovered a
He was far from being satisfied
作 动 词 宾 语 介或 词 宾 语
Being offered such a job was sheer good luck
It felt funny being called Grandmother
Being killed by sharks was a common occurrence
eg: ①He ought to be given a chance to try. ②Many problems have to be discussed at the meeting. ③This book is to be published next year. ④These difficulties are sure to be overcome.
• 但有些却没有
如: They were given a warm welcome.他们受到热烈的
欢迎。
She was born in Hunan Province.她出生于湖南省。
从这些句子中也可以看出，被动词态由“be+过去分 词”构成，时态由be 表现出来。
二、哪些动词可用于被动语态
• 一般说来及物动词可用于被动语态，因为及物动词 有宾语，把宾语变为主语，句子即可改为被动结构：
定语
Being asked to give a performance, she couldn’t very well refuse.
Being protected by a thick wall, they felt quite safe.
Being well looked after, the baby was in perfect health.
ages. 这座寺庙建于中世纪 • Three people were injured. • The boy was nearly drowned.那孩子差点
1.一般时态的被动语态
I.一般现在时的被动语态——am / is / are + 过去分词 I am given a lot of work to do. The boy is called Sandy. You are invited to give us a talk in English.
II.一般过去时的被动语态——was / were + 过去分词 The book was wirtten by Dickens. They were given a warm send-off at the airport.
She was sent there to be trained for the space flight
They were shipped to America to be sold as slaves
He shut himself in the room so as not to be disturbed
被 动 语 态
主动语态和被动语态
一、主动语态和被动语态
• 主语和谓语有时是主动关系，即主语是动作的执行者，
如：Everybody respects him. 人人都尊敬他。
• 有时也可以是被动关系，即主语是动作的承受者，
如：He is respected by everybody.他受到大家的尊敬。
eg: ①This can’t be done in a short time. ②She might be sent to work abroad. ③The second point needn’t be mentioned.
二 一些不定式结构的被动形式
。
由ought to,be going to,has(have,had)to,be+不定式，be sure to,be about to构成的被动结构
III.一般将来时的被动语态——will(shall) be + 过去分词 When will the project be completed? Shall I be allowed to go with you?
IV.一般过去将来时的被动语态——would be + 过去分词 I didn’t expect that I would be asked to speak.
作主语
构成复合宾语 作定语
作状语
I saw him being carried away on a stretcher .
I watched the cห้องสมุดไป่ตู้rgo being hoisted on board.
One could hear all kinds of things being discussed there.
构成复合宾语
Frustrated, he returned to his homeland
They laughed, friendly and pleased
Greatly interested, I asked to join them in the game
用作宾语
在什么情况下使用被动语态
• 1）不知道动作的执行者是谁 • The monastery was built in the middle
状语
He nearly got hit by a car His wound has become infected I soon grew used to that kind of life
和系动词构成谓语
I’ve just had a photograph taken Go and get your hair cut I don’t want anything said about this
II.过去完成时的被动语态——had + been +过去分词 He told me that the factory had been closed down.
其他时态或没有被动语态，或极少用被动语态。
各种结构的被动形式
一 带情态动词的被动结构 can,could,may,might,must,mustn’t,should,needn’t 等都可构成被动结构。
new star.
不定时的被动形式
I must ask to be excused She didn’t like to be treated as a child He begged to be forgiven
I’d like this room to be redecorated
He didn’t wish the subject to be mentioned in the letter
His dream was to be admitted to a good university.
Her ambition was to be made a cinema actress.
He hated being langhed at
She couldn’t bear being treated like that
We are looking into the case. The case is being looked into. He operated on her yesterday. She was operated on yesterday.
•由情态动词等构成的谓语也可以用于被动结构：
We can’t do it in a day. It can’t be done in a day. We should revise the plan. The plan should be revised.
三 成语动词的被动结构
及物动词+副词，动词+介词，动词+副词（名词）+介词
eg: ①This theory of relativity was put forward by Einstein. ②The baby was closely looked after by her. ③Lazy people are looked down on by everyone.
She didn’t want her son to be taken away
There was a lot of things to be discussed.
There was not a soul to be seen in the park
She was invited to a garden party to be held that flight
主动结构
被动结构
Someone broke the window. The window was broken. They killed two birds last night. Two birds were killed last night.
•不及物动词若与介词结合可构成成语动词，这时就可 以有宾语，因而也就可以用于被动结构：
复合宾语
She was not interested in the question being discussed.
The building being erected is a concert hall