被动 being done having been done
not doing /being done, not having (been)done
Do you know the man talking with our teacher? The bridge being built now will be completed soon. Having done his homework ,he went out to play. Not having been heard from for over a month, Tom went back hometown again.
3.The book is very____ and I find him ____ in it C A. interesting; interesting B. interested. Interested C. interesting; interested D. interested; interesting
• ⑦用作状语。如： to be awarded • The actor is going onto the stage___________. 演员要上台领奖。 to be given • She was not old enough ____________ such heavy work.她年龄还小，不宜让她干这么重的 活。 • It was a good thing for him to have been criticized ________________. 他受到批评是件好事。（表示已经发生的被动动 作）
Girls should learn how to avoid being hurt. I can’t help crying. I look forward to seeing my family again.
v-ing的形式 ing的形式
语态 时态 一般式 完成式
否定式
主动 doing having done
• • • • • • • • • •
②用作某些动词的宾语。如： to be sent to work He asked ________________in Tibet. 他请求派他到西藏去工作。 to be flattered He hated ___________. 他讨厌别人对他阿谀奉承。 ③用作表语。如： What I want is to be left alone ______________. 我只想一个人呆在这里。 to be done The question is what is ________ next. 问题是下一步该干什么。
• ⑥用作名词的后置定语。如： • Are you going to the banquet to be given ___________ at the embassy? • 你打算去参加大使馆的宴会吗？ • It will be the first such project _____________ to be designed by Chinese engineers. • 这将是中国工程师设计的第一项这种类型的工程。
（1）动词不定式的被动式 ①用作句子的真正主语。如： It is an honour ___________________________. for me to be asked to speak here 我很荣幸应邀在这里讲话。 It is necessary for us to be constantly reminded of _________________________ our shortcomings. 经常有人提醒我们自身的缺点是有必要的。
C 4 .Tom apologized for_______me of the change of the plan. A.his being not told B. him not to tell
C. his not telling D.him to tell B 5 ._________for a long time, the mother worried a great deal. A.Having not heard from her son B.Not having heard from her son C.Not hearing from her son D.Not heard from her son B 6 .___________, she wants to go there for holiday. A.Having never been to Kunming B.Never having been to Kunming C.Having been to Kunming D.Having not been to Kunming
Practice
C 1. People drink ____ water, but nobody drinks____ water. A. boiling; boiling B. boiling; boiled C. boiled; boiling D. boiled; boiled D 2. The traveler ____ there ____ at the sun rising. A. stands; look B. stand; and look C. standing; to look D. standing; looked
•②用作动词宾语或介词宾语。如： being left at home He didn’t mind________________.他不介意把他留 在家里。 •She couldn’t bear _______________like that.她不 being made fun of 能容忍别人如此嘲笑她。 •We congratulated him on his being admitted to ________________the Party.我们祝贺他入党了。 •They insisted on __________________ordinary their being treated as workers.他们坚持要大家把他们当作普通工人看待。 having ever been given •I don’t remember ____________________a chance to try this method.我不记得谁曾给过我试验 这种方法的机会。
O.c.
S
subject
O
P
A
Adv
object Predicative Attribute Adverbial Object complement
Admit, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, mind ,miss, practise, suggest, understand, feel like, give up, can’t help, look forward to
动名词的被动式 ①用作句子的主语。如： His being neglected _________________by the host added to his uneasiness.主人对他的冷漠使他更加不舒服。 being killed • So __________by sharks was a common occurrence.因此被鲨鱼吃掉是经常发生的事。 • • •
Grammar: the Nonfinite verbs
1. The Infinitive 2 .The V-ing 3. The Past Participle
the function of the underlined words:
Doing homework is a must. subject I enjoy writing letters. object Subject, predicatiቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱe Seeing is believing. The boy standing there is my brother. Attribute Adverbial Hearing the noise, we rushed out of the room. I heard the boy crying. Object complement
• ③构成独立主格结构作状语。如： having been lost • The key_______________, she couldn’t enter her room. • 由于钥匙丢了，所以她进不了屋. having been made • The decision________________, the next problem was how to make a good plan. • 决定作出后，下一个问题就是如何制定一个好计 划
•④用作宾语补足语。如： to be typed •He wanted the paper____________ at once.他要 求立刻把文件打出来。 to be so well received •They didn’t expect the book_________________. 他们没有想到这本书受到读者如此的厚爱。 •⑤用作主语补足语。如： •The book are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room •______________________________.这些书不许 带出阅览室。 to be announced •The date is expected _______________before long.估计具体日期不久就会公布于众的。
•(3)现在分词的被动式 ①作名词的后置定语，表示当时正在进行的被动动 作 being repaired The building ______________is our library.现在 正在修维的那座楼房是我们的图书馆。 This is one of the experiments being carried out _____________in our laboratory.这是我们实验室里正在进行的实验。 ②用作宾语补足语，表示当时正在进行的被动动作 You’ll find the topic______________ everywhere. being discussed 你会发现到处都在议论这个话题。 As we approached the village, we saw new houses_____________. …正在盖新房 being built