2. 被动语态的几种特殊结构 （1）情态动词的被动语态 主语+情态动词+be+过去分词 主语+情态动词+be+过去分词 This can be done by hand. （2）短语动词的被动语态 短语动词构成的固定词组，如depend 短语动词构成的固定词组，如depend on, turn off, go on with等应作为一个整体看待， with等应作为一个整体看待， 变成被动语态时不能丢掉构成短语动词的 介词、副词等。
He is a pleasant fellow to ______. A. work B. work with C. be working D. be worked 正确答案：B 正确答案：B
I used _____ on the left in England, but I soon get used _____ on the right in China. A. to driving; to drive B. to drive; to drive C. to drive; to driving D. to driving; to driving 正确答案：C 正确答案：C
第一部分 词汇与语法结构
三、被动语态
1. 被动语态的用法 （1）当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者时。 Printing was introduced into Europe from China. 印刷术是从中国传入欧洲的。 He was elected President. （2）强调或突出动作的承受者时。 Breakfast is prepared.
2. 不定式的主要动能 （1）做主语 To know what to do is wisdom. To know how to do is skill. 清楚做什么是智慧。清楚如何做是技能。 It is enough to have one close friend in one’s life. one’ 人生得一知己足矣。
（4）做动词宾语 Admit, suggest, dislike, appreciate, complete, consider, deny, enjoy, escape, finish, forgive, imagine, keep, mind, miss, permit, postpone, practice, prevent, propose, require, risk, suggest, can’t help, give up, keep on, put can’ off （5）做介词宾语 Man’ Man’s dream of flying in space has come true. He hasn’t much experience in running factories. hasn’ She left without saying goodbye to us.
（2）做表语 The best policy is being honest. The real problem is getting to know the needs of the customers. （3）做定语 Reading material Walking stick Washing machine
The doctor has been sent for. 已经派人请医生 了。 The meeting will be put off till Friday. 会议要 最迟到星期五。 Women were looked down upon in the past.妇 past.妇 女过去受人轻视。
They found the lecture hard_______. A. to understand B. to be understand C. being understood D. understood 正确答案：A 正确答案：A
He hurried to the hospital, only ______ his father had just died. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 正确答案：B 正确答案：B
（5）做状语 不定式做状语主要表示目地、结果或原因 等。 We live to serve the people heart and soul.我们 soul.我们 或者是为了全心全意为人民服务。 To feel good about yourself, you need to feel good about your work. 为了自我感觉良好，必须对工作感觉良好。
No one can avoid ______by advertisements. A. influenced B. influencing C. to influence D. being influenced 正确答案：D 正确答案：D It is no use _____me not to worry about his injury. A. for you to tell B. your telling C. you tell D. having told 正确答案：B 正确答案：B
（6）做宾语补足语 复合宾语 Advise sb. to do sth, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, command, expect, encourage, force, get ,hate, help, invite, leave, like, think, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remind, require, teach, tell, urge, want, warn, wish等。 wish等。
Every means ________but without much result. A. have been tried B. has been tried C. have tried D. has tried 正确答案：B 正确答案：B
Orlando, a city in Florida, _____for its main attraction, Magic Kingdom. A. Which is well known B. being well known C. well known D. is well known 正确答案：D 正确答案：D
（4）做定语 不定式做定语时必须放在被修饰的名词或 代词之后。 He is a pleasant fellow to work with. She was the only one to look after the children. Teamwork is the ability to work together toward a common aim.
英语中有些动词可用主动形式表示被动意 义。 The cakes sell quickly.蛋糕卖得很快。 quickly.蛋糕卖得很快。 The car drives easily.这车很容易开。 easily.这车很容易开。
He bought a new mobile phone last Sunday, because his old one____. A. had stolen B. had been stolen C. was stolen D. stolen 正确答案：B 正确答案：B
3. 动名词的时态 动名词的一般式：动词原形+ing 动名词的一般式：动词原形+ing 动名词的完成时：having +过去分词 动名词的完成时：having +过去分词 I regret having told her the news. He is proud of having won the first prize. 4. 动名词的被动语态 Being +过去分词/having been +过去分词 +过去分词/having +过去分词 Respecting others means being respected. After having been interviewed, she was offered the job.
பைடு நூலகம்
（2）做表语 To become a slave is to give up one’s freedom. one’ （3）做宾语 Afford, agree, arrange, care, choose, claim, continue, decide, demand, desire, determine, fail, forget, hate, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, long, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, resolve, threaten等。 threaten等。 He promised not to tell anyone about it. 他保证不跟任何人谈起它。
使役动词不带to. 使役动词不带to. Have, let, make, please 感官动词不带to. 感官动词不带to. Feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch等 watch等 3. 不定式的被动语态 It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here.
Great as Newton was, many of his ideas _____today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time. A. are to challenge B. may be challenged C. have been challenged D. are challenging 正确答案：C 正确答案：C