Chapter 5Ⅱ. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given:1. As_____ sentence consists of a single clause which contains a subject and a predicate and stands alone as its own sentence.2. As_____ is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command.3. As_____ may be a noun or a noun phrase in a sentence that usually precedes the predicate.4. The part of a sentence which comprises a finite verb or a verb phrase and which says something about the subject is grammatically called p_____.5. A c_____ sentence contains two, or more, clauses, one of which is incorporated into the other.6. In the complex sentence, the incorporated or subordinate clause is normally called an e_____ clause.7. Major lexical categories are o_____ categories in the sense that new words are constantly added.8. A_____ Condition on case assignment states that a case assignor and a case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.9. P_____ are syntactic options of UG that allow general principles to operate in one way or another and contribute to significant linguistic variations between and among natural languages. 10. The theory of C_____ condition explains the fact that noun phrases appear only in subject and object positions.11. S_____ restrictions are constraints on what lexical items can go with others.12. There are often intermediate forms between the two members of a pair of g_____ antonyms.13. The various meanings of a p_____ word are related to some extent.14. Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different r_____ indifferent situations.15. According to Wittgenstein, for a large class of cases, the meaning of a word is in its u_____ in the language.16. Hyponymy is the relation of entailment, a super ordinate entails all h _____.17. “Buy” and “sell” are a pair of r_____ opposites.18. In semantic analysis of a sentence, the basic unit is called p _____.19. There is an important difference between entailment and presupposition, that is, presupposition unlike entailment, in not vunerable ton_____.20. A semantically a_____ sentence is absurd in the sense that it presupposes a contradiction.III. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement:1. The naming theory is advanced by________.A. PlatoB. BloomfieldC. Geoffrey LeechD. Firth2. “We shall know a word by the company it keeps.” This statement represents _______.A. the conceptualist viewB. contexutalismC. the naming theoryD. behaviourism3. Which of the following is not true?A. Sense is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.B. Sense is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form.C. Sense is abstract and decontextualized.D. Sense is the aspect of meaning dictionary compilers are not interested in.4. “Can I borrow your bike?”_______“Youhave a bike.”A. is synonymous withB. is inconsistent withC. entailsD. presupposes5._____ is a way in which the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features.A. Predication analysisB. Componential analysisC. Phonemic analysisD. Grammatical analysis6. “Alive” and “dead” are________.A. gradable antonymsB. relational oppositesC. complementary antonymsD. None of the above7. _________ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.A. ReferenceB. ConceptC. SemanticsD. Sense8._____ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form.A. PolysemyB. SynonymyC. HomonymyD. Hyponymy9. Words that are close in meaning are called________.A. homonymsB. polysemyC. hyponymsD. synonyms10. The grammaticality of a sentence is governed by _______.A. grammatical rulesB. select ional restrictionsC. semantic rulesD. semantic features11. Which of the following is NOT the concern of “sense”?A. It is the study of the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.B. It is the study of what a linguistic form refers to in the real physical world.C. It is the aspect of meaning dictionary compliers are interested in.D. It is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form.12. The meaning relationship between the two words “sheep” and “ewe” is _____.A. AntonymyB. HomonymyC. HyponymyD. Polysemy13. X: They are going to have another baby.Y: They have a child.The relationship of X and Y is _______.A. synonymousB. inconsistentC. X entailingD. X presupposing Y14. According to the componential analysis, he word “girl” and “woman” differ in the feature of _______.A. HUMNANB.ANIMATEC. MALED. ADULT15. According to predication analysis, the predication of the sen tence “It is hot.” is a _______.A. no-place predicationB. one-place predicationC. two-place predicationD. three-place predication16. The relationship between “violet” and “tulip” is ________.A. co-hyponymsB. super or dinateC. hyponymsD. antonyms17. The relationship between “Begin” and “Commence” is _______.A. Dialectal synonymsB. Stylistic synonymsC. Collocational synonymsD. Semantically different synonyms18. Predication analysis is a way to analyze ______ meaning.A. phonemeB. wordC. phraseD. sentence19. What is the relationship between the words “color” and “red”?A. SynonymyB. AntonymyC. PolysemyD. Hyponymy20. “Fall” and “autumn” are _______sy nonyms.A. dialectalB. stylisticC. evaluatively differentD. semantically different21. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of ______.A. humorB. sarcasmC. ridiculeD. all of the above22. The four major modes of semantic change are ______.A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradationB. extension, generalization, elevation and degradationC. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradationD. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation23. Hyponymy _______.A. is the relationship which obtains between specific and general lexical items, such that the former is included in the latterB. is the relationship that stands between “flute”and “instrument”C. both A and BD. none24. We call the relation between “animal”and “horse” as _______.A. synonymyB. PolysemyC. homonymyD. Hyponymy25. The semantic features of the word “girl” can be expressed as _______.A. +animate, - human, +adult, +maleB. +animate, +human, -adult, +maleC. +animate, +human, +adult, -maleD. + animate, +human, -adult, - male26. What is the sentential relation between “He likes skating.” and “He likes sports.”?A. presuppositionB. EntailmentC. ContradictionD. Hyponymy27. According to the predication analysis proposed by the British linguist G. Leech, the predication of the sentence “It is raining.” is a _______.A. no-place predicationB. one-place predicationC. two-place predicationD. three-place predication28. The pair of the words “borrow/lend” is called _______.A. relational oppositesB. synonymsC. complementaryD. gradable opposites29. Which description of the meaning components of the word “father” is right?A. +human, +adult,-maleB. +human, -adult, +maleC. –human, +adult,-maleD. +human, +adult, +male30. “Yellow” has different meanings to Chinese or to western people, that is its _____.A. conceptual meaningB. cognitive meaningC. associative meaningD. stylistic meaning31. X: He has been to France.Y: He has been to Europe.The relationship of A and B is _______.A. synonymousB. inconsistentC. X entailing YD. X presupposing Y32. The ambiguity in “pass the port” is caused by _______.A. lexical itemsB. a grammatical structureC. homonymyD. polysemy33. _______ is NOT a pair of homophones.A. “Rain” (water condensed from atmosphere icvapor and falling in drops) and “reign” (exercise of sovereign power, as by amonarch)B. “Flea” (any of various small, wingless, blood sucking nsects) and “flee” (to escape)C. “Lead” (to guide) and “lead” (metal of adull bluish-grey color that melts easily)D. “compliment” (an expression of praise, admiration,or congratulation) and “complement”(something that completes, makes up awhole, or brings to perfection)34. The word “luggage” and “baggage” are_______.A. synonyms differing in emotive meaningB. dialectal synonymsC. collocation ally-restricted synonymsD. synonyms differing in styles35. Componential analysis is a method applied in the field of ______.A. PhoneticsB. syntaxC. semanticsD. pragmatics36. “Big” and “small” are a pair of _______opposites.A. complementaryB. gradableC. completeD. converse37. The classic semantic triangle reflects the ________.A. naming theoryB. conceptual viewC. contextualismD. behaviourist theory38. Bloomfield drew on ______psychology when trying to define the meaning of linguistic forms.A. Gestaltb.conceptualist C. behaviourist D. contextual39. The linguistic _______is known as co-text.A. situationB. contextC. contextualizationD. situation of context40. The noun “tear” and the verb “tear” are _______.A. homophonesB. homographsC. polysemic wordD. complete homonyms41. _______ concerns with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form; it’s abstract and de-contextualized.A. ReferenceB. enseC. ReferentD. Semantist42. Whether a sentence is semantically meaningful is governed by rules called _______.A. grammatical rulesB. phrase structure rulesC. selectional restrictionsD. syntactic agreement43. The sentence “John gave Mary a present” contains _______arguments.A. noB. oneC. twoD. three44. The meaning relationship between the two words “couch” and “table” is______.A. synonymyB. polysemyC. hyponymyD. co-hyponym45. A(n)_______is a logical participant in a predication.A. argumentB. predicateC. subjectD. patient46. “Words are names or lables for things”, this view is known as ______ insemantic theory.A. the naming theoryB. the mentalist theoryC. the conceptual viewD. contextualism。