生物专业英语复习资料
一、将下列英文术语或缩写译为合乎学术规范的中文术语
1、Odorant receptor
气味受体
2、Differentially expressed gene略
3、MOE略
4、VNO4
犁鼻器
5、Social behavior
社会行为
6、Monogamy
一夫一妻制
7、Vasopressin略
8、Oxytocin
催产素。
9、Kin recognition
亲属识别。
10、Autism
自闭症/孤独症。
11、NIH略
12、HHMI略
13、Nanotechnology
纳米技术
14、Renewable energy
可再生能源（量）
15、Biomechanical energy
生物机械能
16、Nanogenerator
纳米发电机
17、Systems biology
系统生物学。
18、DNA sequencer
DNA测序仪[答为“DNA测序（器、机）、DNA序列仪（器）
19、Neurodegenerative diseases
神经退行性病
20、Amygdala
杏仁核
二、将英语短文译为中文（每小题11分，共22分）
1. Kin Recognition
Many organisms, from sea squirts to primates, can identify their relatives. Understanding how and why they do so has prompted new thinking about the evolution of social behavior by David W. Pfennig and Paul W. Sherman Kinship is a basic organizing principle of all societies. Humans possess elaborate means by which to identify relatives, such as using surnames and maintaining detailed genealogies.
Mechanisms for distinguishing kin also occur throughout the plant and animal kingdoms regardless of an organism’s social or mental complexity, in creatures as diverse as wildflowers and wasps. Scientists are beginning to discover that an understanding of the origin and mechanisms of kin recognition offers fresh insights into such diverse topics as how living things choose their mates, how they learn and how their immune system works.
BELDING’S GROUND SQUIRRELS live in groups in which mothers, daughters and sisters cooperate extensively. By using odors, the squirrels can distinguish familiar nestmates, who are close kin, from nonnestmates. They can also discriminate between full sisters and half sisters.
答：
亲属识别
许多生物，从海鞘以灵长类动物，可以识别其亲属。
了解它们如何以及为什么这样做，已促进对社会行为进化的新的思考。
David W. Pfennig 和 Paul W. Sherman（姓名可不译）
亲属关系是所有社会的一种基本组织准则。
人类拥有精致的手段，例如使用姓氏和保存详细的族谱以查验亲属。
无论生物之社会或心理的复杂性，辨别亲属的机制也遍及植物和动物界，其在生物界多样性就如同植物之野花和动物之黄蜂一样多。
科学家开始发现，对亲属识别的起源和机制的理解，提供了对如此多样课题的新颖见解（透视），例如生物如何选择其配偶，他们如何学习以及其免疫系统如何工作。
拜氏（贝尔丁）地松鼠营群体生活，在其社群生活中母亲、女儿和姐妹广泛合作。
通过利用气味，这种松鼠能够辨别熟悉的巢伴、亲属和非巢伴。
它们还可以区分全姐妹和半姐妹。
2. Self-Powered Nanotech
Nanosize machines need still tinier power plants
By Zhong Lin Wang
The watchmaker in the 1920s who devised the self-winding wristwatch was on to a great idea: mechanically harvesting energy from the wearer’s moving arm and putting it to work rewinding the watch spring.
Today we are beginning to create extremely small energy harvesters that can supply electrical power to the tiny world of nanoscale devices, where things are measured in billionths of a meter. We call these power plants nanogenerators. The ability to make power on a minuscule scale allows us to think of implantable biosensors that can continuously monitor a patient’s blood glucose level, or autonomous strain sensors for structures such as bridges, or environmental sensors for detecting toxins — all running without the need for replacement batteries. Energy sources are desperately needed for nanorobotics, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), homeland security and even portable personal electronics. It is hard to imagine all
the uses such infinitesimal generators may eventually find.
In Brief
★Nanotechnology has huge potential —but those minuscule devices will need a power source that is better than a battery.
★ Waste energy, in the form of vibrations or even the human pulse, could provide sufficient power to run such tiny gadgets.
★ Arrays of piezoelectric nanowires could capture and transmit that waste energy to nanodevices.
★ Medical devices will likely be a major application. A pacemaker’s battery could be charged so it would not need replacing, or implanted wireless nanosensors could monitor blood glucose for diabetics.
略
三、看图作答（共18分）
1. Label each of the following structures on the diagram of the main olfactory epithelium (MOE) in rodent nasal cavity with 9 terms shown below: Cilia, ORNs (Olfactory receptor neurons), Dendrite, Dendritic knob, Nasal mucus, Axon, supporting cell, basal cell, Cell body.（9分）用所给的斜体9个英文短语在下图上相应位置上标出哺乳动物MOE的细胞结构名称。