• 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋表语 She is happy．
• 主语 ＋ 动词 ＋间接宾语 ＋直接宾语
• She gave John a book．
• She bought a book for me.
• 主语 ＋ 动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补语
• She makes her mother angry．
• The teacher asked me to read the passage.
初高中衔接课程
词性及基本句型
句子成分
定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有 主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分：主语和谓语 次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语
1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.
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～修饰名词的词 ～表示多少和第几的词 ～表示动作和状态
副词 adverb (adv.]
～修饰动词 ,形容词和副词的词
冠词article (art.)
～说明名词所指的人或物
介词 preposition（prep.）～表示名词与其它词的关系
连词conjunction (conj.) ～连接词、短语和句子的词 感叹词interjection (inter.) ～表示感情的词
• （ There +be）There is a book on the desk.
Parts of Speech 词类 / 词性
名词 noun (n.) 代词 pronoun (pron.)
～人和事物的名称 ～代替名词的词
形容词adjective (adj.) 数词numeral (num.) 动词 verb (v.)
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主谓 定 宾 同
状
语语 语 语 位
语
语
2. When we arrived at the classroom, we found him
lying on the ground. ↓ 补 语
五种基本句型
• 主语 ＋ 不及物动词
She came.
• 主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋宾语 She likes English.
• 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事, 间接宾语指人或动物.
• He gave me some books.
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↓
间接 直接
宾语 宾语
●please pass me the book. ●He bought his girlfriend some flowers.
（四）表语
在系动词后的部分就是表语 1. The war was over. （副词 ） 2. They seem to know the truth. （不定式 ） 3. Time is precious. （形容词 ） 4. I’m not quite myself today. （代词 ） 5. That remains a puzzle. （名词 ） 6. I don’t feel at ease. （介词短语）
(三)宾语
动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语
Show your passport, please. （名词 ） She didn't say anything. ( 代词） How many do you want? - I want two. (数词) They sent the injured to hospital. (名词化的形容词) They asked to see my passport. （不定式） I enjoy working with you.（动名词） Did you write down what he said? （句子）
㈠主语（subject）
句子说明的人或事物
• Jane is good at playing the piano. （名词） • She went out in a hurry. （代词） • Four plus four is eight. （数词） • To see is to e. （不定式） • Smoking is bad for health. （动名词） • The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词） • What he has said is true. （句子）
• His spoken language is good. (过去分词)
定语后置：
如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。 而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置
The girl in red is his sister. We have a lot of work to do. The girl standing under the tree is his daughter. Do you know the man who spoke just now? （定语从句）
• It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
㈡谓语
说明主语的动作、状态和特征
• 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 • I saw the flag on the top of the hill? • He looked after two orphans. • 复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; • He can speak English well. • She doesn’t seem to like dancing.
（五）定语
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
• He is a clever boy. (形容词) • His father works in a steel work. (名词)
• There are 54 students in our class. (数词) • Do you know Betty’s/her sister? (名词的所有格，代词) • He bought some sleeping pills. (动名词) • There is a sleeping baby in bed. (现在分词)