中华人民共和国海事局2006年第3期海船船员适任证书全国统考试题(总第41期)科目：轮机英语试卷代号：806适用对象：近洋航区750-3000KW及以上船舶二/三管轮（本试卷卷面总分100分，及格分为70分，考试时间为100分钟）答题说明：请选择一个最合适的答案，并将该答案按答题卡要求，在其相应位置上用2B铅笔涂黑。

第1题至74题，每题1分，第75题至78题，每题1.5分,第79题至80题,每题10分。

一、单项选择题1. A diesel engine is similar to a gasoline engine except that the former has no ______.A. cross-headB. spark plugC. connecting rodD. cylinder2.The abbreviation(缩写) "MIP" stands for ______.A. middle indicating pressureB. mean indicated pressureC. mean indicated pitchD. middle indicated power3.Which of the listed conditions will affect the mean effective pressure the most in the cylinders ofa diesel engine?A. TBN of the lubricating oilB. Temperature of the lube oilC. Completeness in the mixing of the fuel and airD. Temperature of the cooling (sea) water4.The most rapid period of fuel combustion occurring in a diesel cylinder should begin just beforethe piston reaches top dead center and ______.A. when fuel injection has been completedB. when fuel vaporization has been completedC. should continue through the afterburning periodD. should be completed after top dead center5.The upper section of a piston is called the ______.A. landB. skirtC. crownD. plate6.______arrangements have low temperature air and high temperature exhaust gas passing throughadjacent ports , causing temperature differential problems for the liner material.A. Loop scavengeB. Cross scavengeC. Uniflow scavengeD. Supercharge7.The total air capacity for non-reversible main engines is to be sufficient for ______.A. eight consecutive (连续的)startsB. six consecutive startsC. ten consecutive startsD. twelve consecutive starts8.Engine speeds at which resonance can occur are termed ______.A. maximum speedsB. full speedsC. sea speedsD. critical speeds9.Which of the listed diesel engine operating conditions should be checked immediately after anydiesel engine is started?A. Exhaust temperatureB. Lube oil levelC. Lube oil pressureD. Water level in the expansion tank 10. A controllable pitch propeller on a diesel driven vessel eliminates the need for ______.A. friction clutchesB. disconnect clutchesC. reversing gearsD. reduction gears11.Auxiliary boilers are divided into several classifications, one of which is ______.A. water-tube supercritical circulationB. water-tube forced circulationC. fire-tube controlled circulationD. fire-tube express circulation12.Generating tubes in waste heat boilers are finned to ______.A. reduce gas flow turbulenceB. prevent exhaust gas corrosionC. increase the rate of combustionD. increase the rate of heat transfer13.If an operating auxiliary boiler has a water pH reading of 7, you should ______.A. bottom blow the boilerB. treat the water with caustic sodaC. treat the water with chemical scavengersD. reduce the water alkalinity to recommended readings14.Burner ignition failure in an automatically fired auxiliary boiler would be caused by ______.A. a burned out solenoid in the oil supply valveB. high temperature excess airC. incorrectly setting the hot-well dump valveD. an incorrectly positioned burner snubber(缓冲器)relay15.When it becomes necessary to replace any tubes in a water-tube auxiliary boiler to eliminate leaksat the tube seats, the replacement tubes should be ______.A. stress relieved to ensure expansion when rolledB. annealed to prevent cracking when rolledC. fitted with a welded backing ring in the seat areaD. rolled, beaded, and seal welded around the bead edge16. A positive displacement pump is that where the volume of the pump chamber is alternatelyincreased to ______and then decreased to ______.A. draw the liquid in / force the liquid outB. force the liquid out / draw the liquid inC. suction/drawD. deliver/outlet17.Generally, centrifugal pumps operating without a positive suction head must be primed beforethey will move liquid on their own. The priming is usually accomplished with a ______.A. regenerative pumpB. rotating liquid piston pumpC. jet pumpD. turbine pump18. A swing check valve is used in a pipeline to ______.A. maintain a preset pressure on the lineB. closely regulate the amount of flowC. relieve excessive pressure on the lineD. allow flow in one direction only19.If the capacity of a centrifugal pump decreases gradually over a long period of time, you shouldreplace the ______.A. packing glandB. mechanical sealsC. lantern ringsD. wearing rings20.In most pumps and pump motors, over-packing the ball bearings full of grease will result in______.A. moisture emulsification of the bearing greaseB. insufficient circulation and overheating of the bearingC. proper grease circulation to cool the bearingD. sliding friction between balls and races21.An important consideration in selecting a lubricating oil for use in a refrigeration compressor isfor the oil to ______.A. have a high viscosity indexB. mix readily with refrigerantC. have a high freezing pointD. have a low pour point22.The sensible heat of air is dependent upon the ______.A. water vapor superheatB. wet bulb temperatureC. saturation temperatureD. dry bulb temperature23.If air at 95 ℃ dry bulb temperature and 50% relative humidity is conditioned to 75 ℃ dry bulbtemperature and 50% relative humidity, it is an example of ______.A. cooling onlyB. cooling and humidifyingC. cooling and dehumidifyingD. adiabatic （绝热的）cooling24.Sludge may form in the crankcase of an air conditioning compressor as a result of ______.A. bubbling refrigerantB. overheating and oxidationC. lowered operating temperaturesD. reducing the cloud or floc point25.Oil water separators are used to ensure that ships don't discharge oil when pumping out _____.A. ballast waterB. boiler waterC. bilge waterD. sewage water26.When started, a complete oily water separating unit is first filled ______. The oily water mixtureis then pumped through the inlet pipe into the coarse separating compartment.A. with dirty waterB. with clean waterC. by oily waterD. by mixed water27.Which is the pollution prevention equipment?A. booster pumpB. evaporatorC. incineratorD. cooler28.The ______is used to burn oil sludge.A. clarifierB. oil/water separatorC. incineratorD. distiller29.Most marine biological sewage treatment plants consist of all the following statements except______.A. aeration（通风） tanksB. settling tanksC. disinfection agent （消毒剂）D. anaerobic bacteria（厌氧细菌）30.In a purifier, the interface between the liquid seal and the oil should be positioned as close aspossible to ______.A. the outlet of oilB. the outlet of waterC. the bowl peripheryD. the center of bowl31.The ______of the gravity disc is too big. It cause oil to flow through the water outlet. Wechanged the disc and no oil is found in the water outlet.A. gravityB. diameterC. circumferenceD. cylinder32.The condensers located in the various stages of a flash evaporator are cooled by ______.A. distillateB. seawaterC. brineD. air33.Why would a flash type distilling unit be more efficient when operated in cooler seawatertemperatures?A. Steam carryover between stages is reduced.B. Evaporator vacuum is increased.C. The amount of available flash steam is decreased.D. Feed-water flow from the feed-water heater is increased. 34.Among the basic categories （种类）of equipment, which of the following are used to allow thehydraulic energy to be controlled?A. hydraulic pumpsB. valvesC. hydraulic cylindersD. hydraulic motors35.In a radial piston pump, reversal and control of fluid flow are accomplished by moving the _____.A. central valveB. radial plungerC. floating ringD. cylinder body36.Cargo handling unit is rated according to the ______to be lifted.A. cargo craneB. jibC. safe working loadD. oil pressure37.Overheating of the hydraulic fluid in an electro-hydraulic anchor windlass can result from a/an______.A. overload on the pump motorB. low fluid level in the reservoirC. low fluid viscosity around the shaft sealD. high oil level in the sump38.______ are used for hauling in or letting out the wires which fasten the ship to the shore.A. Cargo winchesB. Cargo hatchesC. WindlassesD. Mooring winches39.Pressure in an operating hydraulic system is developed ______.A. only by the pump as its primary functionB. by resistance to the fluid flow through the systemC. by the thermal input to the system's fluidD. solely by the charge applied by the accumulators40.One factor that determines the frequency of an alternator is the ______.A. number of turns of wire in the armature coilB. number of magnetic polesC. strength of the magnets usedD. output voltage41.The magnetic field is provided by electromagnets so arranged that adjacent poles have ______.A. opposite polarityB. the same polarityC. negative polarityD. positive polarity42.Prior to closing the breaker when paralleling two AC generators, the recommended practice is tohave the frequency of the incoming machine ______.A. slightly less than the line frequencyB. the same as the line frequencyC. slightly greater than the line frequencyD. have nothing to do with the line frequency43.Which of the following should be the first step in removing a generator from parallel operation?A. Trip the generator off the switchboard.B. Turn off all electrical equipment.C. Remove the load from the 'off going' generator.D. Increase the cycles of the generator staying on the line.44. A generator is prevented from becoming motorized by the use of a/an ______.A. over-speed tripB. reverse power relayC. back pressure tripD. governor controls45.Current changing in direction and rising and falling in value is ___ .A. D.C.B. A.C. C. generatorD. fresh water generator46. A transformer in an electric circuit serves to ______.A. generate its own electrical powerB. transform electrical energy into mechanical energyC. increase or decrease circuit voltage as requiredD. convert AC to DC47.The emergency generator or emergency battery is connected to ______on most ships.A. distribution boardsB. section boardsC. emergency switch boardsD. main switch boards48.Electrical leads and insulation on a motor should be painted with ______.A. heat-resisting acrylicB. heat-resisting aluminumC. insulating varnishD. insulating white lead49.An electrical device which prevents an action from occurring until all other required conditionsare met is called a/an ______.A. limitB. monitorC. modulator（调节器）D. interlock50.Electric circuits are protected against short circuits by means of a/an _______.A. diode(二极管)B. amplifierC. circuit breakerD. capacitor（电容器）51.When there is a fire in a large electric motor, normally the very FIRST step is to ______.A. secure the electric supplyB. ventilate area to remove smokeC. start the fire pump and lead out hoseD. apply foam52."Stand by an engine" means ______.A. "prepare to stop the engine"B. "assemble an engine on its bedplate"C. "make an engine ready for starting"D. "dismantle an engine"53.During UMS rounds, a duty engineer notices that the fuel oil overflow observation glass is full ofoil. Should he___.A. stop all F.O. transfers immediately, and inform the chief engineer.B. make a sounding of the F.O. overflow tank and decide if there is enough capacity to leave ituntil the following morning.C. call a motorman and have him sound the F.O. overflow tank periodically during the night.D. start the F.O. purifier54.Bridge orders must be ______and a record of any required changes in speed and direction shouldbe kept.A. slowly carried awayB. carried out with a period of delayC. promptly carried outD. paid by the captain55.One precaution to take prior to working in a freshly painted compartment where there are anexcessive amount of paint fumes, is to ______.A. take shallow breaths of airB. ventilate the areaC. wear a breathing apparatus while workingD. keep a charged fire hose handy56. A class 'C' fire is burning ______.A. diesel oilB. magnesiumC. dunnageD. electrical insulation57.Convection spreads a fire as a result of ______.A. transmitting the heat of a fire through the ship's metalB. burning liquids flowing into another spaceC. heated gases flowing through ventilation systemsD. the transfer of heat across an unobstructed space58.While on watch in the engine room, you hear a continuous sounding of the general alarm. Whichof the following actions should you take?A. Make an entry in the official logbook.B. Open the master control valves on the fixed CO 2 system.C. Start the fire pump and check discharge pressure.D. Secure auxiliary condenser overboard discharge.59. A fireman's outfit carried onboard cargo vessels, must have a ______.A. canister-type gas maskB. fresh-air breathing apparatusC. self-contained breathing apparatusD. combustible gas indicator60.While loading bunkers, you notice oil on the water near the vessel. What should you do first?A. Stop loadingB. Notify the harbor administration.C. Determine if the vessel is the source of the pollution.D. Start the main engine and put them in gear to disperse the spill.61.During ______, the starting air valves should be closed to prevent the engine from turning.A. overhaulB. engine stand-byC. blowing downD. slow-turn start62.Preventive maintenance (预防维修)_____.A. should not be carried out during the watches.B. can only be carried out in port.C. is a kind of maintenances carried out prior to the occurrence（事故发生）D. is a kind of maintenances carried out after the occurrence63.The certificate for the refrigerating plant will ______soon. I'd like to extend its validation now.A. updateB. finishC. outdatedD. expire64.Which of the following operations must be entered on the Oil Record Book Part I?I. Routine discharge at sea of bilge water containing oil from the machinery spacesII. Bunkering of fuel oilA. I onlyB. II onlyC. both I and IID. neither I nor II65.“Inability to provide for the first watch at the commencement of a voyage and for subsequentrelievin g watches persons who are sufficiently rested and otherwise fit for duty.” is considered to be one of the detainable deficiencies under ______.A. the SOLAS ConventionB. the MARPOL ConventionC. the STCW ConventionD. the LOAD LINE Convention66.The fire drill must, as far as practicable, be conducted as if _____.A. there is a minor emergencyB. there is an actual emergencyC. there were an actual emergencyD. there were a minor emergency67.STCW78/95 Convention describes that ______are laid down for the certification of engineerofficers in charge of a watch in a traditionally manned engine room, or the designated engineer ina periodically unmanned engine room.A. available minimum requirementsB. available (可用的) maximum requirementsC. mandatory minimum requirementsD. mandatory（强制的maximum requirements68.When the machinery spaces are in the periodic unmanned condition, ______shall be immediatelyavailable and on call to attend the machinery space.A. the chief engineerB. the designated engineer from shipyardC. the designated duty officer in charge of the engineering watchD. the designated surveyor from classification society69.The officer in charge of the engineering watch shall ensure that all machinery involved with themaneuvering of the ship can be immediately be placed in the manual mode of operation when notified that the ship is ______.A. at anchorB. at unsheltered anchorage（开敞锚地）C. in congested（拥挤的） watersD. in an open road-stead70.According to the international regulations concerning the prevention of pollution of sea areasfrom ships, the disposal into the sea of all plastics is ______.A. welcomeB. admitted in some special sea areasC. prohibitedD. acceptable71.One of the methods NOT usually allowed in cleaning up oil spills in china is ______.A. skimmersB. strawC. dispersantsD. sawdust72.The main objective of the SOLAS Convention is to specify _____ for the construction, equipmentand operation of ships, compatible (一致的)their safety.A. at most referencesB. at least referencesC. maximum standardsD. minimum standards73.The requirements of the ISM Code may be applied to____ .A. only oil tankersB. only passenger shipsC. only containersD. all ships74.Each ship shall carry on board a ship security plan approved by______.A. the chief engineer officerB. the master of the shipC. the manager of the companyD. the Administration二. 关联题（关联题题干下有4个小题，每小题4个选项）While carbon dioxide is used in some extinguishers as an inert propellant the gas is also used extensively as a blanketing agent. In a carbon dioxide portable extinguisher, the carbon dioxide is in liquid form and is at a pressure of 6 bar at 20℃ , necessitating （迫使）a far stronger container. This type of extinguisher can only be recharged ashore. To check for leakage a record should be kept of the weight of the extinguisher. Alternatively the liquid level can be determined by using a special instrument which uses a radioactive（放射源） source and a Geiger-Muller counter to detect thegas/liquid interface although this method is usually only used on large fixed CO 2 installation.This could be lethal （致命的）if discharged accidentally in a confined space and for this reason this type of extinguisher in not allowed in the accommodation.75. Which of the following statements is not true ?A. Carbon dioxide is usually used as a propellant.B. Carbon dioxide is usually used as an extinguishing gas.C. If the carbon dioxide is used as a blanketing agent, it should be pressurized.D. The carbon dioxide extinguisher can only be used ashore.76. In what state is the carbon dioxide in the portable extinguishers?A. powderB. dry iceC. liquidD. gas77. How do you detect the leakage of a carbon dioxide portable extinguisher?A. to record gas pressure.B. to measure its weight.C. to measure its liquid level.D. to monitor the radioactive source.78. The reason that the carbon dioxid e extinguisher can’t be used in the accommodation is that__________ .A. carbon dioxide is a toxic gasB. carbon dioxide is an inertial gasC. there is a radioactive source in the extinguisherD. it has no effect in a confined space.三、中译英（共2题，请将答案写在答题纸上）79.（修理单）打开油水分离器，对内部进行清洁，然后进行15ppm警报试验。