中考英语语法精讲：定语从句定语从句精讲一、基本概念：定语从句：在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

关系词：引导定语从句词叫关系词。

关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。

常见的关系代词有that, which, who (宾格whom, 所有格whose)等,关系代词在从句中做主语，宾语或定语；关系副词有where, when, why等，关系副词在从句中做状语。

关系词的作用：1.代替先行词；2.连接先行词和从句；3.作定语从句的句子成分。

二、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去；非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。

三、关系代词和关系副词的用法注意前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。

例如:This is the house in which we lived last year.Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。

例如:This is the person whom you are looking for.(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。

例如:The city that she lives in is very far away.(4)关系词只能用that的情况:a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词或形容词最高级时,只能用that。

He was the first person that passed the exam.b.先行词是all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that。

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which。

This is the same bike that I lost.d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:Who is the girl that is crying?(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:a.先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如:What’s that which is under the desk?b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:This is the room in which he lives.c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.例如:Tom came back, which made us happy.4.关系副词的用法(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。

when相当于“介词+which”。

I’ll never forget the day when / on which we met for the first time.(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。

where相当于“介词+which”。

This is the house where / in which he lived ten years ago.(3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因(reason),起原因状语作用。

why相当于“for which”。

There was no reason why/for which she was late again.5.表示时间、地点的名词后关系词的选用当先行词是表示时间、地点的名词时，有时用when/ where，有时用that/ which引导定语从句。

这时要根据从句的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的而定。

如果是及物动词就用that/ which（作从句的主语或宾语）；如果是不及物动词，就用when/ where（作从句的状语。

）试比较：This is the house where he lived last year.This is the house that/ which he visited last year.I thought of the happy days when I stayed in Beijing.I have never forgotten the days that / which we spent together.二、英语书面表达专项训练2．诚信是中华民族的传统美德，也是社会主义核心价值观内容之一。

而你的朋友Daming最近却被诚信危机所困扰。

上周末，他本来和Lingling相约一起去电影院看电影，但是他却因为在家复习考试，把这件事忘了，直到第二天才想起来。

因此，Lingling很生气，并且不愿接受Daming的道歉。

请你就此事给校报投稿，以“The Importance of Promise”为题，内容要点如下：1、简述事件；2、谈谈自己的看法，并给Daming一些建议。

注意：1、词数80—100；2、行文连贯，逻辑合理；3、文中不能出现真实的校名和人名；4、文章的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。

The Importance of PromiseDear editor,People always emphasize（强调） the importance of the promise, and they hate people who break their promise.Promise is very important. Everyone should keep it.Yours,Tony 【答案】The Importance of PromiseDear editor,People always emphasize（强调）the importance of the promise, and they hate people who break their promise.Recently, a thing happened to my friend, and I think it was really his fault. Last weekend, my friend Daming had a date with his friend Lingling to watch a movie. But he totally forgot it that day because of his review for his exam. So Lingling got too angry to forgive him. In my opinion, it was really his fault. Forgetting the date not only led to Lingling’s ang er, but also made her lose trust in him. Keeping promises is always the traditional virtue of the Chinese nation. What Daming should do now is to ask for forgiveness and promise that he will never do that again. Promise is very important. Everyone should keep it.Yours,Tony 【解析】【分析】本文为一篇稿件，需要学生通过大明和玲玲之间，大明没有信守承诺的事情，谈自己的看法。

信守承诺是中华民族的传统美德，在写作过程中，注意文章结构，先写出大明和玲玲之间的事情，然后再说自己对此的看法。

【详解】首先，第一句话直接点明作者的观点，大明是犯错了的。

然后仔细阐述了事情发生的经过。

接下来说出自己对此事件的看法，不信守承诺会导致失去别人的信任，对大明的建议是除了认错之外，还需要再次保证永不再犯。

【点睛】文章结构清晰，符合逻辑，先表明自己观点，然后阐述事情，提出自己的观点和建议。

整篇文章在谋篇布局上，比较严密。

除此之外，中间也使用了一些连接词，例如but，so，because of等，使文章更加通顺。

3．朋友是我们生活的组成部分，他们总是在我们最需要帮助的时候陪伴我们。

你最好的朋友是谁？你是怎么看待你们的友谊的？请以“My Best Friend ”为题，根据以下提示写一篇英语短文。

1. 简要介绍你最好的朋友的外貌和性格;2. 介绍和你朋友之间发生的一件令人难忘的事；3. 你是怎样看待你们之间的友谊的要求：1. 语句连贯通顺，文章衔接紧密2. 词数80-1003. 文中不得出现真实校名及姓名Friends are very important in our life. They always help us when we are in need._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________【答案】My best friendFriends are very important in our life. They always help us when we are in need. Everyone needs friends to talk with and get confidence from.My best friend is Jenny. She is a quiet girl. She is always friendly and helpful. She is a tall girl with long hair. She does well in all the subjects and gets on well with others at school.I was weak in maths. One day, I failed in maths exam. I was so sad that I couldn’t help crying. Jenny encouraged me a lot. From then on, she helped me with my maths, With her help, I got an A in the next maths exam. I was really thankful to her.I think friendship is a necessary part of our lives. I want to keep our friendship forever.【解析】【详解】试题分析：这是一个提纲作文。