The design of a research study begins with the selection of a topic and a paradigm. A paradigm is essentially a worldview, a whole framework of beliefs, values and methods within which research takes place. It is this world view within which researchers work.
质性研究入门
章崇会
LOGO
研究目的
研究背景
研究问题
研究方法

研究效度
研究时代背景下的人性问题
我们必须借有适当的“中介”来认识研究对象。你没有 相应的背景，就看不出来，就是从实际出发就是看看到 底怎么回事？
中介：创造出各种超验的哲学学说，如人类为了寻求最 根本的东西的意义，创造本体为的超验的存在。
action; close to the customer; autonomy and entrepreneurship; productivity through people; hands-on, value-driven; stick to the knitting; simple form, lean staff; and simultaneous loose-tight properties. Their research helped launch the quality movement that has now moved from business world to not-for-profit organizations and government.

Highly effective people
Stephen covey(1990) Case studies and identified seven habits
these people practice: being proactive; beginning with the end in mind; putting first things first; think win/win; seeking first to understand, then seeking to be understood; synergizing, or engaging in creative cooperation; self-renewal.

An astute and dedicated observer of relationship
Clark Moustakeas(1995), a humanistic psychologist and phenomenologist.
Drew deeply on his own experiences and clinical cases to identify, distinguish, and elaborate three primary processes that contribute to the development of a relationship: Being-in, Being-for, and Being with. Being with, a sense of joint enterprise—two people fully involved, struggling, exploring, sharing.
Through cases, dialogues, quotations, case, and introspective reflections. Author illuminates the process of moving the process and exemplifies the contribution of phenomenological inquiry to humanistic psychology.

Aim for credibility
The theoretical positioning of the researcher
The congruence between methodology and methods
The strategies to establish rigor The analytic lens through which the data
Peters and Waterman(1982) They visited companies, conducted extensive interviews,
and studied corporate documents. They extracted eight attributes of excellence: a bias for
are examined

Theoretical positioning
Refers to the researcher’s motives, presuppositions, and personal history that leads him or her toward, and subsequently shapes, a particular inquiry.
社会科学的哲学背景：本体论(ontology)—无本体论； 主客体关系—主体间（intersubjective）关系；现象学 （本质即现象）--阐释学（理解和阐释）--建构主义 （建构现实）……。

In search of excellence: lessons form America’s best-run companies