中学化学常用方程式大全总目录一、无机化学方程式二、热化学方程式三、有机反应方程式四、离子方程式五、电极方程式-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------分目录表一、无机化学方程式 (6)A (6)Ag (6)Al (6)As (7)B (7)Ba (7)Be (7)Br (7)C (7)C (7)Ca (8)Cl (9)Cu (9)F (10)F2 (10)Fe (10)H (11)H2 (11)Hg (12)HF (12)HCl (12)HBr (12)HI (12)H2O (12)H2O2 (13)H2S (13)HNO3 (13)H3PO4 (13)H2SO3 (14)H2SO4 (14)I (15)K (15)K (15)K2O、K2O2 (16)KOH (16)K2CO3 (16)KHCO3 (16)KClO3 (16)KI (16)KAl(SO4)2 (16)KMnO4 (16)KSCN (17)KH (17)L (17)Li (17)Li2O (17)LiOH (17)Li2CO3 (17)LiHCO3 (17)M (17)Mg (17)MgO (18)Mg(OH)2 (18)MgCO3 (18)Mg(HCO3)2 (18)MgSO4 (18)MnO2 (18)N (18)N2 (18)NO、NO2、N2O5 (18)NH3 (19)NH4HCO3、(NH4)2CO3 (19)NH4Cl (19)NH4NO3 (20)(NH4)2SO3、(NH4)2SO4 (20)Na、Na2O、Na2O2 (20)NaH (20)NaOH (20)NaAlO2 (21)NaCl、NaClO、NaBr、NaI (21)Na3PO4、NaH2PO4、Na2HPO4 (22)Na2S、NaHS (22)Na2SO4、Na2SO3、Na2S2O3 (22)Na2SiO3 (22)C6H5ONa (22)O (22)O2 (22)O3 (23)P (23)P (23)P2O3、P2O5 (24)Pb、PbO2 (24)(CH3COO)2Pb (24)R (24)S (24)S (24)SO2 (25)SO3 (25)Si (25)SiO2 (25)Z (26)Zn (26)ZnO (26)Zn(OH)2 (26)二、热化学方程式 (26)B (26)C (26)H (27)N (28)P (28)S (28)三、有机反应方程式 (28)(一)烷烃 (28)(二)烯烃 (28)(三)炔烃 (29)(四)芳香烃 (29)(五)石油 (29)(六)卤代烃 (29)(七)醇类 (30)(八)酚类 (30)(九)醛类 (30)(十)羧酸 (31)(十一)糖类 (31)(十二)酯、油脂 (31)(十三)氨基酸 (32)四、离子方程式 (32)A (32)Al (32)Ag (33)As (34)B (34)Ba (34)Br (34)C (34)CO32-、CO2 (34)Ca (35)Cl (35)CN (36)Cr (36)Cu (36)C x H y O z (36)F (37)F2 (37)Fe (37)H (38)H+ (38)H2O (38)H2O2 (38)H2CO3系列 (38)H3PO4系列 (39)H2S系列 (39)H2SO3系列 (40)I (40)L (40)M (41)Mg (41)Mn (41)N (41)Na (41)NN3系列 (41)NO2-、NO3- (42)O (42)P (42)S (43)S (43)Si (44)Z (44)五、电极方程式 (44)(一)原电池电极方程式 (44)1．Cu─H2SO4─Zn原电池 (44)2．Cu─FeCl3─C原电池 (45)3．钢铁在潮湿的空气中发生吸氧腐蚀 (45)4．氢氧燃料电池（中性介质） (45)5．氢氧燃料电池（酸性介质） (45)6．氢氧燃料电池（碱性介质） (45)7．铅蓄电池（放电） (45)8．Al─NaOH─Mg原电池 (45)9．CH4燃料电池(碱性介质) (46)10．熔融碳酸盐燃料电池 (46)11．银锌纽扣电池(碱性介质) (46)(二)电解电极方程式 (46)1．电解CuCl2溶液 (46)2．电解精炼铜 (46)3．电镀铜 (46)4．电解饱和食盐水 (46)5．电解HCl溶液 (47)6．电解NaOH溶液 (47)7．电解H2SO4溶液 (47)8．电解KNO3溶液 (47)9．电解CuSO4溶液 (47)10．电解AgNO3溶液 (47)11．铅蓄电池（充电） (47)正 文 部 分一、无机化学方程式AAgAg+2HNO 3(浓)====AgNO 3+NO 2↑+H 2O 2AgCl====2Ag + Cl 2↑(见光或受热) AgNO 3 + NaCl ==== AgCl↓ + NaNO 3 AgNO 3+NaBr==== AgBr↓+NaNO 3 AgNO 3 + NaI ==== AgI↓ + NaNO 3 Ag 3PO 4+3HNO 3====H 3PO 4+3AgNO 3 Al4Al+3O 22Al 2O 3(纯氧) 2Al+3SAl 2S 3 2Al+3Cl 22AlCl 3 4Al+3MnO 22Al 2O 3+3Mn 2Al+Cr 2O 3Al 2O 3+2Cr2Al+Fe 2O 3Al 2O 3+2Fe 2Al+3FeOAl 2O 3+3Fe2Al + 6HCl====2AlCl 3 + 3H 2↑ 2Al+3H 2SO 4====Al 2(SO 4)3+3H 2↑2Al+6H 2SO 4(浓)Al 2(SO 4)3+3SO 2↑+6H 2OAl+4HNO 3(稀)====Al(NO 3)3+NO↑+2H 2O (Al 、Fe 在冷、浓的硫酸、硝酸中钝化) 2Al+2NaOH+2H 2O====2NaAlO 2+3H 2↑Al 2O 3、Al(OH)3()232424232322Al O 3H SO Al SO 3H O A l O 2NaOH 2NaAlO H O +====+⎫⎬+====+⎭(Al 2O 3是两性氧化物) 2Al(OH)3Al 2O 3+3H 2O Al(OH)3+3HCl====AlCl 3+3H 2O2Al(OH)3+3H 2SO 4====Al 2(SO 4)3+6H 2OAl(OH)3+NaOH====NaAlO 2+2H 2O铝盐AlCl 3+3NaOH====A l (O H )3↓+3NaCl AlCl 3+3NH 3·H 2O====Al(OH)3↓+3NH 4Cl 2AlCl 3+3Na 2CO 3+3H 2O====2Al(OH)3↓+3CO 2↑+6NaClAlCl 3+3NaHCO 3====Al(OH)3↓+3CO 2↑+3NaClAlCl 3+3NaAlO 2+6H 2O====4Al(OH)3↓+3NaClAlCl 3+4NaOH====NaAlO 2 + 3NaCl +2H 2OAl 2(SO 4)3+3Na 2S+6H 2O====2Al(OH)3↓+3H 2S ↑+3 Na 2SO 4Al 4C 3+12H 2O ==== 4Al(OH)3↓+3CH 4↑AsAs2O3 + 6Zn + 12HCl ==== 2AsH3↑+6ZnCl2 + 3H2O3As2S3 + 28HNO3(稀) + 4H2O ==== 6H3AsO4 + 9H2SO4+28NO↑As2S3 + 28HNO3(浓) ==== 2H3AsO4 + 3H2SO4+ 28NO2↑+8H2OBBaBa(OH)2 + CO2 ====BaCO3↓+ H2O Ba(OH)2 + 2CO2(过量) ====Ba(HCO3)2Ba(OH)2+ H2SO4 ==== BaSO4↓+ 2H2O 3Ba(OH)2+2H3PO4====Ba3(PO4)2↓+6H2OBaCl2 + H2SO4 ==== BaSO4↓+ 2HCl BaCl2+Na2SO4 ==== BaSO4↓+2NaClBaCO3+2HCl====BaCl2+CO2↑+H2O BaCO3+2HNO3====Ba(NO3)2+CO2↑+H2O BaO2+H2SO4(稀)====BaSO4↓+H2O2BeBe+2HCl====BeCl2+H2↑ Be+2NaOH ====Na2BeO2+H2↑BeCl2+2NaOH====Be(OH)2↓+2NaCl Be(OH)2+2HCl====BeCl2+2H2OBe(OH)2+2NaOH====Na2BeO2+2H2OBrBr2 +H2 2HBr 3Br2 + 2Fe ====2FeBr3Br2 + 2FeBr2 ====2FeBr3Br2 + 2NaI====2NaBr + I2Br2 + 2HI====2HBr + I2 Br2 + H2O ==== HBr + HBrO Br2 + 2NaOH ==== NaBr + NaBrO+H2OBr2+SO2 +2H2O====H2SO4 +2HBr Br2+H2S====S↓+2HBrCCC+2F2CF4C+2Cl2CCl42C+O2(少量)2COC+O2(足量)CO2C+CO22COC+H2OCO+H2(生成水煤气)2C+SiO2Si+2CO↑(制得粗硅)C+Si SiC(金刚砂) C +2S CS23C+CaOCaC2+CO↑3C+SiO2SiC+2CO↑C+2H2SO4(浓)CO2↑+2SO2↑+2H2OC +4HNO3(浓)CO2↑+4NO2↑+2H2O2CO+O22CO2CO+CuOCu+CO23CO+Fe2O32Fe+3CO2CO+H2O高温CO2+H2CO2+2Mg2MgO+CCO2+H2O====H2CO3CO2+2NaOH(过量)====Na2CO3+H2OCO2(过量)+NaOH====NaHCO3CO2+Ca(OH)2(过量)====CaCO3↓+H2O2CO2(过量)+Ca(OH)2====Ca(HCO3)2CO2+2NaAlO2+3H2O====2Al(OH)3↓+Na2CO3CO2+C6H5ONa+H2O====C6H5OH+NaHCO3CO2+Na2O====Na2CO32CO2+2Na2O2====2Na2CO3+O2CO2+NH3+NaCl+H2O====NaHCO3↓+NH4Cl(侯氏制碱法)CaCaO+H2O====Ca(OH)2CaO+SiO2CaSiO32Ca(OH)2+2Cl2====CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2O Ca(OH)2 +SO3====CaSO4↓+H2O CaCO3+2HNO3====Ca(NO3)2+H2O+CO2↑(用HNO3和浓硫酸不能制备H2S、HI、HBr等还原性气体)CaCO3+SiO2CaSiO3+CO2↑CaF2+H2SO4(浓)====CaSO4+2HF↑Ca3(PO4)2+3H2SO4(浓)====3CaSO4+2H3PO4Ca3(PO4)2+2H2SO4(浓)====2CaSO4+Ca(H2PO4)2Ca3(PO4)2+4H3PO4====3Ca(H2PO4)2(重钙)CaH2+2H2O====Ca(OH)2+2H2↑ClCl2 +H2 ====2HCl (光照或点燃) Cl2 +2Na2NaCl3Cl2 +2P2PCl3Cl2 +PCl3PCl53Cl2 +2Fe2FeCl3Cl2+CuCuCl2Cl2 +2FeCl2 ====2FeCl3Cl2+2NaBr====2NaCl+Br2Cl2 + 2KI ====2KCl + I2* 5Cl2+I2+6H2O====2HIO3+10HClCl2 +Na2S====2NaCl+S↓ Cl2 +H2S====2HCl+S↓Cl2+SO2 +2H2O====H2SO4 +2HCl Cl2+H2SO3+ H2O====H2SO4+2HCl Cl2+H2O====HCl +HClO Cl2 +H2O2 ====2HCl+O2Cl2+2NaOH ====NaCl+NaClO+H2O2Cl2+2Ca(OH)2====CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2O3Cl2 +6KOH(热、浓)====5KCl+KClO3+3H2OCu2Cu +O22CuO 2Cu +S Cu2S Cu+ Cl2CuCl23CuO+2NH33Cu+N2+3H2OCuO+2HCl====CuCl2+H2O CuO+H2SO4====CuSO4+H2OCu(OH)2+2HCl====CuCl2+2H2O Cu(OH)2+H2SO4====CuSO4+2H2O Cu(OH)2CuO + H2OCuCl2+H2S====CuS↓+2HCl CuCl2+2NaOH====Cu(OH)2↓+2NaCl CuSO4+H2S====CuS↓+H2SO4CuSO4+2NaOH====Cu(OH)2↓+Na2SO4 CuSO4+Ba(OH)2====Cu(OH)2↓+BaSO4↓CaC2CaC2+2H2O====CH≡CH↑+Ca(OH)2FF2F2 + H2====2HF 2F2 + 2H2O====4HF + O2Fe2Fe+ 3Cl22FeCl33Fe+2O2Fe3O4Fe+SFeS 2Fe+3Br2====2FeBr3Fe+I2FeI23Fe+4H2O(g)Fe3O4+4H2Fe+2HCl====FeCl2+H2↑ Fe+CuCl2====FeCl2+CuFe+SnCl4====FeCl2+SnCl2Fe + H2S====FeS+H2↑2Fe +6H2SO4(浓)====Fe2(SO4)3+3SO2↑+6H2OFe +H2SO4(稀)====FeSO4+H2↑Fe +6HNO3====Fe(NO3)3+3NO2↑+3H2OFe +4HNO3====Fe(NO3)3+NO↑+2H2O8Fe +30HNO3====8Fe(NO3)3+3N2O↑+15H2O10Fe +36HNO3====10Fe(NO3)3+3N2↑+18H2O8Fe +30HNO3====8Fe(NO3)3+3NH4NO3+9H2OFe(Al) +H2SO4(浓)室温下钝化Fe +(CH3COO)2Cu====Cu+(CH3COO)2Fe3FeO + 2AlAl2O3+3Fe 6FeO+O22Fe3O4FeO+4HNO3====Fe(NO3)3+NO2↑+2H2OFe2O3Fe2O3 +2AlAl2O3+2Fe Fe2O3 +3CO2Fe+3CO2Fe2O3+3H22Fe+3H2O (制还原铁粉) Fe2O3+6HCl====2FeCl3+3H2OFe3O4Fe3O4+4H23Fe+4H2O Fe3O4+8HCl(浓)FeCl2+2FeCl3+4H2OFe(OH)2、Fe(OH)34Fe(OH)2 +O2+2H2O====4 Fe(OH)32Fe(OH)3Fe2O3+3H2OFeCl22FeCl2 + Cl2====2FeCl3FeCl2+Mg====Fe+MgCl2FeCl32FeCl3+Fe====3FeCl22FeCl3+Cu====2FeCl2+CuCl2(用于雕刻铜线路板) 2FeCl3+H2SO3+H2O====H2SO4+2FeCl2+2HCl2FeCl3+Zn====2FeCl2+ZnCl22FeCl3+H2S====2FeCl2+2HCl+S↓2FeCl3+2KI====2FeCl2+2KCl+I2FeCl3+3NH3·H2O====Fe(OH)3↓+3NH4Cl2FeCl3+3Na2CO3+3H2O====2Fe(OH)3↓+3CO2↑+6NaClFeCl3+3NaHCO3====Fe(OH)3↓+3CO2↑+3NaCl2FeCl3 + SO2 + 2H2O ==== 2FeCl2 + H2SO4 + 2HClFeCl3 + 3KSCN ====Fe(SCN)3 + 3KClFeSFeS + 2HCl====FeCl2 + H2S↑ FeS + H2SO4====FeSO4 + H2S↑其它Fe化合物4FeS2 + 11O22Fe2O3+ 8SO2Fe2(SO4)3+2Ag====2FeSO4+Ag2SO4(较难反应)Fe(NO3)3+Ag 不反应HH2H2 +F2 ==== 2HF (冷暗处爆炸)H2+Cl2 ====2HCl (光照或点燃)2NH3H2+S H2S3H2+N2催化剂高温、高压6H2+P44PH32H2+SiCl4Si(纯)+4HClH2+2Na====2NaH3H2+Fe2O32Fe+3H2O (制还原铁粉)4H2+Fe3O43Fe+4H2O 2H2 +SiO2Si+2H2OHg3Hg + 8HNO3(稀)====3Hg(NO3)2+ 2NO↑+ 4H2OHg + 4HNO3(浓)====Hg(NO3)2 + 2NO2↑+ 2H2OHF4HF+SiO2====SiF4↑+2H2OHCl6HCl +2Al====2AlCl3+3H2↑ 2HCl +Fe====FeCl2+H2↑4HCl(浓)+MnO2MnCl2+Cl2↑+2H2O 4HCl(g)+O22Cl2+2H2O16HCl+2KMnO4====2KCl+2MnCl2+5Cl2↑+8H2O14HCl+K2Cr2O7====2KCl+2CrCl3+3Cl2↑+7H2O HCl +NH3====NH4Cl(白烟)2HCl +FeO====FeCl2+H2O 6HCl +Fe2O3====2FeCl3+3H2O8HCl(浓) +Fe3O4FeCl2+2FeCl3+4H2O HCl +Na3PO4====Na2HPO4+NaClHCl +Na2HPO4====NaH2PO4+NaCl HCl +NaH2PO4====H3PO4+NaCl HCl +Na2CO3====NaHCO3+NaCl HCl +NaHCO3====NaCl+H2O+CO2↑HBrHBr + NaOH====NaBr + H2O2HBr + Cl2====2HCl + Br2HI2HIH 2+I 22HI + Cl 2====2HCl + I 2 HI + NaOH====NaI + H 2O H 2O2F 2 +2H 2O====4HF+O 2 Cl 2+H 2O====HCl+HClO 2Na+2H 2O====2NaOH+H 2↑ Mg+2H 2OMg(OH)2+H 2↑ 3Fe+4H 2O(g)Fe 3O 4+4H 2 2H 2O2H 2↑+O 2↑SO 2+H 2O====H 2SO 3 SO 3+H 2O====H 2SO 4 3NO 2+H 2O====2HNO 3+NO N 2O 5+H 2O====2HNO 3 P 2O 5+H 2O(冷)====2HPO 3 P 2O 5+3H 2O(热)====2H 3PO 4 CO 2+H 2O====H 2CO 3H 2O 22H 2O 22 MnO△2H 2O+O 2↑ H 2O 2 + Cl 2====2HCl+O 25H 2O 2 + 2KMnO 4 + 6HCl ====2MnCl 2 + 2KCl + 5O 2↑+ 8H 2OH 2SH 2S + Cl 2====2HCl+S↓ H 2S + Mg====MgS+H 2 2H 2S+3O 2(足量)====2SO 2+2H 2O 2H 2S+O 2(少量)====2S↓+2H 2O 2H 2S+SO 2====3S↓+2H 2O H 2S+H 2SO 4(浓)====S ↓+SO 2+2H 2O H 2SH 2+S↓ 3H 2S+2HNO 3(稀)====3S ↓+2NO+4H 2O 5H 2S+2KMnO 4+3H 2SO 4====2MnSO 4+K 2SO 4+5S↓+8H 2O* 3H 2S+K 2Cr 2O 7+4H 2SO 4====Cr 2(SO 4)3+K 2SO 4+3S↓+7H 2O* H 2S+4Na 2O 2+2H 2O====Na 2SO 4+6NaOHH 2S+Fe====FeS+H 2 H 2S+CuCl 2====CuS ↓+2HCl H 2S+HgCl 2====HgS ↓+2HCl H 2S +4NO 2====4NO+SO 3+H 2O H 2CO 3H 2CO 3====CO 2↑+H 2OHClO2HClO====2HCl + O 2↑HNO 33HNO 3+Ag 3PO 4====H 3PO 4+3AgNO 3Al+4HNO3(稀)====Al(NO3)3+NO↑+2H2O3As2S3 + 28HNO3 + 4H2O ==== 6H3AsO4 + 9H2SO4 + 28NO↑4HNO3(浓)+C CO2↑+4NO2↑+2H2O2HNO3+CaCO3====Ca(NO3)2+H2O+CO2↑6HNO3+Fe====Fe(NO3)3+3NO2↑+3H2O4HNO3+Fe====Fe(NO3)3+NO↑+2H2O30HNO3+8Fe====8Fe(NO3)3+3N2O↑+15H2O36HNO3+10Fe====10Fe(NO3)3+3N2↑+18H2O30HNO3+8Fe====8Fe(NO3)3+3NH4NO3+9H2OFeO+4HNO3====Fe(NO3)3+NO2↑+2H2O3H2S+2HNO3(稀)====3S↓+2NO+4H2O4HNO3====4NO2↑+O2↑+2H2O (见光或受热分解)NH3+HNO3====NH4NO3 (白烟)(用HNO3和浓硫酸不能制备H2S、HI、HBr，而SO2可用浓硫酸制备) 3Na2S+8HNO3(稀)====6NaNO3+2NO↑+3S↓+4H2O3Na2SO3+2HNO3(稀)====3Na2SO4+2NO↑+H2O* 5HNO3(浓)+P====H3PO4+5NO2↑+H2OP4+20HNO3(浓)====4H3PO4+20NO2↑+4H2OS+6HNO3(浓)====H2SO4+6NO2↑+2H2O3S+4HNO3(稀)====3SO2↑+4NO↑+2H2OH3PO44H3PO4+Ca3(PO4)2====3Ca(H2PO4)2(重钙)H3PO4(浓)+NaBr====NaH2PO4+HBr↑H3PO4(浓)+NaI====NaH2PO4+HI↑H2SO3H2SO3+X2+H2O====H2SO4+2HX(X2表示Cl2、Br2、I2)2H2SO3+O2====2H2SO4H2SO3+H2O2====H2SO4+H2O5H2SO3+2KMnO4====2MnSO4+K2SO4+2H2SO4+3H2OH2SO3+2FeCl3+H2O====H2SO4+2FeCl2+2HClH2SO3====H2O+SO2↑H2SO3+2H2S====3S↓+3H2OH2SO4Zn +H2SO4====ZnSO4+H2↑Fe +H2SO4====FeSO4+H2↑Mg+H2SO4====MgSO4+H2↑2Al+3H2SO4====Al2(SO4)3+3H2↑2Al+6H2SO4(浓)Al2(SO4)3+3SO2↑+6H2O2NH3+H2SO4====(NH4)2SO4H2S+H2SO4(浓)====S↓+SO2+2H2OP2O5+3H2SO4(浓)====2H3PO4+3SO3BaO2+H2SO4(稀)====BaSO4+H2O2Na2O2+H2SO4(冷、稀)====Na2SO4+H2O2MgO+H2SO4====MgSO4+H2OAl2O3+3H2SO4====Al2(SO4)3+3H2O2H2SO4(浓)+CCO2↑+2SO2↑+2H2O2H2SO4(浓)+S====3SO2↑+2H2OH2SO4(浓)+Fe(Al) 室温下钝化6H2SO4(浓)+2Fe====Fe2(SO4)3+3SO2↑+6H2O2H2SO4(浓)+CuCuSO4+SO2↑+2H2OH2SO4(浓)+2HBrSO2+Br2+2H2OH2SO4(浓)+2HISO2+I2+2H2OH2SO4(浓) +CaF2====CaSO4+2HF↑H2SO4(浓)+NaClNaHSO4+HCl↑H2SO4(浓) +2NaCl强热Na2SO4+2HCl↑H2SO4(浓)+NaNO3NaHSO4+HNO3↑(微热)3H2SO4(浓)+Ca3(PO4)2====3CaSO4+2H3PO42H2SO4(浓)+Ca3(PO4)2====2CaSO4+ C a(H2PO4)2 II2 + H2△2HII2 +Fe△FeI2I 2 + 2NaOH ====NaI + NaIO +H 2OKKK + O 2 KO 22K + 2H 2O====2KOH + H 2↑K 2O 、K 2O 2K 2O + H 2O====2KOHK 2O + CO 2====K 2CO 32K 2O 2 + 2CO 2====2K 2CO 3 +O 22K 2O 2 + 2H 2O====4KOH +O 2↑KOH2KOH +CO 2====K 2CO 3 +H 2OKOH +CO 2====KHCO 3K 2CO 3K 2CO 3 +2HCl====2KCl + CO 2↑+ H 2OK 2CO 3 +CaCl 2====CaCO 3↓+ 2KClK 2CO 3 +2AgNO 3====Ag 2CO 3↓+ 2KNO 3KHCO 3KHCO 3 +HCl====KCl + CO 2↑+ H 2O2KHCO 3 K 2CO 3 + CO 2↑+ H 2OKClO 32KClO 32 MnO△2KCl + 3O 2↑KClO 3 +6HCl====KCl +3Cl 2↑ + 3H 2OKI2KI + Cl 2====2KCl + I 2KI + AgNO 3====AgI↓+ KNO 3KAl(SO 4)22KAl(SO 4)2 + 6NaOH====K 2SO 4 +3Na 2SO 4 + 2Al(OH)3↓2KAl(SO 4)2 + 3Ba(OH)2====K 2SO 4 + 3BaSO 4↓+ 2Al(OH)3↓KAl(SO4)2 + 2Ba(OH)2====KAlO2 +2BaSO4↓+2H2OKMnO42KMnO4 K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2↑2KMnO4 +16HCl====2KCl + 2MnCl2 +5Cl2↑+ 8H2O2KMnO4 + 5H2O2 + 6HCl====2KCl + 2MnCl2 +5O2↑+ 8H2O KSCN3KSCN + FeCl3====Fe(SCN)3 + 3KClKHKH + H2O====KOH + H2↑LLi4Li + O22Li2O2Li + 2H2O====2LiOH + H2↑Li2OLi2O + CO2====Li2CO3Li2O + H2O====2LiOHLiOH2LiOH +CO2====Li2CO3↓ +H2OLiOH +CO2====LiHCO3Li2CO3Li2CO3 +2HCl====2LiCl + CO2↑+ H2OLiHCO3LiHCO3 +HCl====LiCl + CO2↑+ H2O2LiHCO3 Li2CO3 + CO2↑+ H2OMMg2Mg+O22MgO Mg + 2H2O2Mg(OH)2 + H2↑Mg + Cl2MgCl22Mg +CO22MgO+CMg + S ==== MgS Mg + Br2 ==== MgBr2Mg +2HCl ====MgCl2 + H2↑Mg + H2SO4 ==== MgSO4 + H2↑2Mg+TiCl4(熔融)====Ti+2MgCl2MgOMgO + 2HCl====MgCl2 +H2OMgO + H2O====Mg(OH)2↓Mg(OH)2Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl====MgCl2 +2H2OMgCO3MgCO3 +2HCl====MgCl2 + CO2↑+ H2OMgCO3 +H2O Mg(OH)2↓+ CO2↑MgCO3CO2↑+ MgOMg(HCO3)2Mg(HCO3)2 + 2HCl====MgCl2 + 2CO2↑+ 2H2OMg(HCO3)2Mg(OH)2↓+ 2CO2↑MgSO4MgSO4 + Ba(OH)2====Mg(OH)2↓ + BaSO4↓MgSO4 + 2NaOH====Mg(OH)2↓ + Na2SO4MnO2MnO2 + 4HCl(浓)MnCl2 + Cl2↑+ 2H2ONN2N2+3H22NH3N2+O22NON2+3MgMg3N2N2+6Na====2Na3NNO、NO2、N2O52NO+O2====2NO2NO+NO2+2NaOH====2NaNO2+ H2O (用于制硝酸工业中吸收尾气中的NO和NO2) 6NO + 4NH3 5N2 + 6H2ONO2+2KI+H2O====NO+I2+2KOH (不能用淀粉KI溶液鉴别溴蒸气和NO2)4NO2+H2S====4NO+SO3+H2ONO2 + SO2====SO3+NO3NO2+H2O====2HNO3+NON2O5+H2O====2HNO3NH32NH3+3CuO3Cu+N2+3H2O2NH3+3Cl2====N2+6HCl8NH3+3Cl2====N2+6NH4Cl4NH3+3O2(纯氧)2N2+6H2O4NH3+5O24NO+6H2O4NH3+6NO5N2+6H2O(用氨清除NO)NH3+HCl====NH4Cl(白烟)NH3+HNO3====NH4NO3(白烟)2NH3+H2SO4====(NH4)2SO4NH3+NaCl+H2O+CO2====NaHCO3↓+NH4Cl(侯氏制碱法) 2NH3+SO2+H2O====(NH4)2SO3NH3·H2O NH3↑+H2ONH3 + H2ONH3·H2ONH4+ + OH-NH4HCO3、(NH4)2CO3NH4HCO3NH3↑+H2O↑+CO2↑(NH4)2CO32NH3↑+H2O↑+CO2↑NH4ClNH4ClNH3+HCl2NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2CaCl2 + 2NH3↑+ 2H2ONH4Cl + NaOH NaCl + NH3↑+ H2ONH4Cl + NaOH ====NaCl + NH3·H2ONH4NO3NH4 NO3 + NaOH ====NaNO3 + NH3·H2ONH4 NO3 + NaOH Na NO3 + NH3↑ + H2O5NH4NO32HNO3 + 4N2↑ + 9H2O(NH4)2SO3、(NH4)2SO4(NH4)2SO3+SO2+H2O====2NH4HSO3(NH4)2SO4 + 2NaOH ====Na2SO4 + 2 NH3·H2O(NH4)2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2NH3↑ + 2H2ONa、Na2O、Na2O24Na+O2====2Na2O 2Na+O2Na2O2Cl2 +2Na2NaCl2Na+S====Na2S(爆炸) 2Na+2H2O====2NaOH+H2↑ 2Na+H22NaH2Na+2NH3====2NaNH2+H24Na+TiCl4(熔融)====4NaCl+TiNa2O+H2O====2NaOH 2Na2O+O22Na2O2 Na2O+SO3====Na2SO4 Na2O+CO2====Na2CO3Na2O+2HCl====2NaCl+H2ONa2O2+2Na====2Na2O (此反应用于制备Na2O)2Na2O2+2H2O====4NaOH+O2↑ (此反应分两步Na2O2+2H2O====2NaOH+H2O2；2H2O2====2H2O+O2↑。