The definitions of nonverbal communication
• Nonverbal communication is open to many interpretations • Definition: nonverbal communication refers to all human communication events that transcend spoken or written words, and these nonverbal events and behaviors can be interpreted through verbal symbols • Definition: nonverbal communication is defined as all types of communication that take place without words • Nonverbal communication is an elaborate code that is written nowhere, known by none, and understood by all(Edward Sapir)
The Characters of Non-Language
• The characters of Non-langstable structure • Non signs with clear meaning continuation of communication • some non-language behaviors come from human’s nature
The Relationship between nonverbal communication and Culture
• Non-separation,culture is transmitted by communication, culture value system can be shown by nonverbal communication • Many Non-language behaviors come from learning of culture • Culture establishes standards for nonverbal behaviors,decide the formation and effects of nonverbal communication • Different style of interaction is the source of discomfort and jeopardy • Discussion
The categories of nonverbal communication
nonverbal communication
kinesics (body language)
prxemics (use of space)
chronemics (use of time)
haptics (use of touch)
The functions of nonverbal communication
• Complement verbal communication Add to or moderate verbal communication messages • Contradict: nonverbal communication expose true consciousness • Substitute: unable to express yourself by speaking; improper to speak • Regulate: use as turn taking , when speak, who first ,when stop • Accent or moderate verbal communication • Repeat • Discussion imagine some situations you use the above functions of nonverbal communication
objectives
• Describe categories and subcategories of nonverbal communication • Identify the importance of nonverbal communication • Grasp the functions of nonverbal communication • Grasp the evolution of nonverbal communication • Understand the relationship between nonverbal communication and culture • Develop intercultural skills in nonverbal communication
Nonverbal Communication
Nonverbal communication is an elaborate code that is written nowhere,known by none,and understood by all.
Edward Sapir(1935 Sapir(1935)
Why is nonverbal communication so important?
• Nonverbal communication is present everywhere Impossible to not communicate ,it is a silent language We don’t know what we are saying nonverbally “We must never assume that we are fully aware of what we communicate to someone else.”(Edward Hall) • Nonverbal communication usually comes first Initial impression sometimes decides two strangers to interact verbally or not When high degree of uncertainty in the communication situation exists, nonverbal communication is particularly important • Nonverbal communication is especially likely to be trusted Unconscious and unintentional ,can’t control easily not like words more valid than verbal communication Examples: watch facial expression of poke player; psychiatrists detect their patients by watching their nonverbal behavior
paralanguage (loudness.speed of speaking accent, tone and grunts)
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The History of NonLanguage Research
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1872 Darwin :The Expression of the Emotion in Man and Animals Animals express six universal emotions like man Facial expression of human is innate than learned Human expressions are determined largely by evolution It is difficult to lie nonverbally 50th, Edward Hall at the FSI: The silent language Proximecs and chronemics Out –of –consciousness from Freud Spoken words hide more than they revealed 1952 Birdwhistell:Introduction to Kinesics Nonverbal communication can’t be separated from verbal communication, taking place at the same time Nonverbal communication has different relations with verbal communication(more on later page) American Sign Language is symbols of connection George Trager: research on paralanguage
Why is nonverbal communication so important?
• can lead to misunderstanding, especially verbal messages are missing or limited the story of a photographer in Alaska the language of nonverbal symbols differs from culture to culture ,then cause miscommunication • is especially important in intercultural communication situations Culture is context for nonverbal communication encounters Nonverbal communication reinforcement clarify the intended meaning when talkers can’t contact verbally easily case illustration: the meaning of feet in intercultural negotiation P165 • accounts for much of the meaning we derive from conversations outcome of Mehrabian research 93percent of meaning is conveyed nonverbally conservative estimate : 70 percent comes from nonverbal communication its importance varies in different situation: technical presentation versus intimate relationship, job interview, first impressions, expressions of attitudes telephone , e-mail, telecommunication channels, not see social presence