英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编21(总分：90.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、填空题(总题数：8，分数：16.00)1.IC is the short form of immediate 1used in the study of syntax. (北二外2003研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________2. 1refers to ties and connections which exist within texts. They are also called formal links between sentences and between clauses. (人大2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________3.Coordination and subordination belong to 1construction.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________4.A 1sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word, such as "and", "but" , or .（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________5.A clause that takes a subject and a finite verb, and at the same time stands structurally alone is known as a 1clause.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________6.IC analysis emphasizes the 1structure of a sentence, seeing it as consisting of word groups first.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________7.Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called 1rules, whose operation may change the syntactic representation of a sentence.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________8.Syntactic relations include 1, 2and 3.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________二、单项选择题(总题数：11，分数：22.00)9.______refer to the relationship that linguistic units have with other units because they may occur together in a sentence. (西安外国语学院2006研)（分数：2.00）A.Syntagmatic relationsB.Hypotactic relationsC.Paradigmatic relationsD.Paratactic relations10.For structuralists, ______is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents. (西安外国语学院2006研)（分数：2.00）A.coordinate constructionB.subordinate constructionC.endocentric constructionD.exocentric construction11.Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand______. (西安交大2008研)（分数：2.00）A.how people produce and recognize possible sentencesB.what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of wordsC.how words and phrases form sentencesD.All of the above12.Bloomfield introduced the IC analysis, whose full name is______Analysis. (北二外2010研)（分数：2.00）A.Internal ComponentB.Innate CapacityC.Internal ConstituentD.Immediate Constituent13.The phrase "on the shelf" belongs to______construction.（分数：2.00）A.endocentricB.exocentricC.subordinateD.coordinate14.______refers to construction where one clause is coordinated or conjoined with another.（分数：2.00）A.ConjoiningB.EmbeddingC.Concordernment15.The criterion used in IC analysis is______.（分数：2.00）A.transformationB.conjoiningC.groupingD.substitutability16.The phrase "my small child's cot" is an ambiguous phrase, which can be revealed by ______tree diagrams.（分数：2.00）A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four17.______is a grammatical category used for the analysis of word classes displaying such contrast as singular, dual, plural, etc. ______.（分数：2.00）A.CategoryB.NumberC.GenderD.Case18.In English, ______and______are often expressed by subject and object.（分数：2.00）A.theme and rhymeB.theme and predicateC.predicate and objectD.subject and predicate19.Which one of them is not the cohesive device______.（分数：2.00）A.ellipsisB.referenceC.substitutionD.subject三、简答题(总题数：9，分数：18.00)20.How does modern language define "object"? Provide an example. (清华2001研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 21.What's your understanding of "Gender"? (西安交大2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 22.What are the endocentric and exocentric constructions? (北交大2007；武汉大学2004研；西安交大2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________23.What are the advantages of using tree diagrams in the analysis of sentence structures? (西安交通大学2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 24.How do you understand syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations? (北二外2010研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 25.Endocentric construction is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents, i. e. , a word or a group of words, which serve as a definable centre or head (中山大学201 1年研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________26.Analyze the morphemic structure of the English words gentlemanliness and unlockable, usinga labeled tree diagram to illustrate the morphemic structure of the word under analysis (南开大学2011年研)(1) gentlemanliness (2) unlockable（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 27.What is move-α rule?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 28.What are theme and rheme?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________四、名词解释(总题数：8，分数：16.00)29.Paradigmatic relations (北交大2005研；中山大学2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 30.Immediate constituent (武汉大学2008研；武汉大学2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 31.Endocentric construction (四川大学2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 32.IC analysis (四川大学2010研；人大2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 33.Concord (or: Agreement) (武汉大学2008研；中山大学2008研；上海交大2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 34.Embedding (武汉大学2004研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 35.Logical subject(中山大学2011年研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 36.anaphor(南开大学2011年研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________五、1 举例说明题(总题数：9，分数：18.00)37.Why is it important to know the relations a sign has with others, such as syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations? (北航2008研；四川大学2008研；北二外2005研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 38.Advantages and Disadvantages of Immediate Constituent Analysis (IC Analysis). (北交大2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 39.Disambiguate the following sentences, using the tree diagram with labels or analyzing their syntactic structures. (北交大2006研)1.Times flies like an arrow.2.We got down from the duck.3.Old men and women will be served first.4.John passed the hammer and saw through the window.5.Who would you like to visit?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 40.Which of the following sentences are ambiguous? If you know how, use tree diagrams to show how these sentences are ambiguous. (南京大学2006研)(1) The children put the toy in tile box.(2)The professor's appointment was shocking.(3) No smoking section is available.(4) Jack refused to change his decision.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 41.What, in your view, makes a text a text, rather than a series of unconnected utterances? What are the implications of your answer for second language teaching? (北外2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 42.In interpreting utterances such as (1) and (2) , the hearer generally treats the events described in the two sentences in each group as causally related even though such relationship is not encoded in the meanings of the sentences. That is, the hearer tends to think that Helen fell on the ground because of Tom's pushing and that the vase broke because it was dropped. Explain why. (北外2005研)(1) Tom pushed Helen. Helen fell on the ground. (2) Peter dropped the vase. It broke.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 43.What is the aim of IC (immediate constituent) analysis? Make an IC analysis of the following sentence by means of either brackets or a tree diagram?My mother said Mary liked the handbag. (北外2010研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 44.For each of the following pairs of sentences, discuss how the two sentences are different from each other. (南京大学2006研)(1) A. His carelessness I can't bear.B. I can't bear his carelessness.(2) A. A dagger killed the tourist. B. The tourist was killed with a dagger. (3) A. A hurricane killed eight people. B. Eight people died in a hurricane.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 45.In your opinion in what ways can corpus data contribute to lexical studies? (南开大学2011年研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。