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"Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southern England, adopted as a broadcasting standard in the British Media." "It is also called Queen's English or BBC English, and has become the one preferred by the educated." -《英语国家概况》谢福之：9
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Iberians—Stonehenge in Wiltshire(3000 B.C.) The Beaker Folk(2000 B.C) the Native Celts (700. B.C) Roman Britain (55 BC-410AD) the Anglo-Saxon Conquest (446-871) the Norman Conquest (1066)
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The Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453) The Black Death (1348-1349) Wycliffe and the Lollards The Peasant Uprising (1381) The Wars of the Roses
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A survey of the United Kingdom
invading England in 55 BC by Julius Caesar invading successfully in 43 AD by Claudius building Hadrian’s Wall and the Antonine Wall to prevent Picts bringing Roman Civilization bringing Christianity by Constantine influencing little
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King Arthur's followers were known as the Knights of the Round Table. They used a round table so that each would have an equally important place at the table.
East Germanic
North Germanic
West Germanic
English
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Old English Middle English Modern English
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coming from eastern and central Europe being the ancestors of the Highland Scots being the basis of both Welsh and Gaelic believing Druidism
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Henry II’s Reforms The Great Charter Beginning of Parliament
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strengthening his power by reforming reforming the traditional tax by hides reforming the law courts so that common law appeared
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Kent Essex Sussex Wessex East Anglia Mercia Northumbia
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fighting between France and England fighting because of the territory, direct causesuccession to the French throne fighting hero--Joan of Arc (national heroin in French history) fighting result—English lost France
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Henry III Simon de Montfort reforming of the Great Council by adding more members by Simon de Montfort holding a meeting in 1265 which is regarded as the earliest English parliament forming a house for commons which is called the House of Commons later forming the House of Lords conquering Wales under the rule of Edward I
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landing army in southeastern England in 1066 by William meeting near Hastings with Harold being the William the Conqueror, the first AngloNorman king of England building the Tower of London as military fortress replacing the Witan with the Great Council bringing French Civilization
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Celtic people Celtic-Gaelic Anglo- Saxons and Jutes Frisian Vikings Old Norse Danes Danish The Introduction of Christianity Latin & Greek
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Origin of the Nation The Great Charter and Beginning of Parliament Decline of Feudalism in England The Tudor Monarchy and the Rising Bourgeoisie The English Civil War (Bourgeoisie’s Revolution) The Industrial Revolution and the Chartist Movement The Rise and Fall of the British Empire
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Indo-European Family of Languages Germanic Language
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bringing Teutonic Religion, multi-goddism converting English to Christianity in 597, St. Augustine (the first Archbishop of Canterbury) creating the Witan (a group of wisemen) invading by the Vikings and Danes from North Europe building a naval force by Alfred the Great which is known as “the Father of the British Navy” building Westminster Abbey by King Edward
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A survey of the United Kingdom