“疑问词+ ever”与“No matter+ 疑问词”用法浅析
“疑问词+ ever”在各版本的中学英语教材中出现频率较高，而且是学生理解和掌握的一个
难点。
在此简单明了地归纳讲解这一问题。
“疑问词+ ever ”可分为两类，
“疑问代词+ ever ”：whatever / whichever / whoever (宾格whomever )
“疑问副词+ ever ”：wherever / whenever / however.
其含义：不管/ 无论……”
1.“疑问代词+ ever”可引导两种类型的从句：①让步状语从句，
②名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句)。
①引导让步状语从句。
（whatever / whoever / whichever ＝no matter + what / who / which）
Whatever happened，he wouldn't say a word. = No matter what happened，he wouldn't say a word. Whoever says so，it is wrong. = No matter who says so，it is wrong.
Whichever dictionary you (may) take，you will have to pay at least 20 dollars.
= No matter which dictionary you (may) take，you will have to pay at least 20 dollars.
注意：这类从句中应用一般现在时表将来，从句中也常用情态动词may / might .
②引导名词性从句。
Whoever smokes here will be punished. (主语从句)
Beggars will eat whatever they are given. (宾语从句)
Whichever he likes will be given to him. (主语从句)
You may invite whoever / whomever you like. (常用whoever 代替whomever)
（whoever ＝anyone who，whatever＝anything that）
2.“疑问副词+ever ”：wherever / whenever / however 一般只能引导让步状语从句，它们分
别等于“ no matter + where / when / how ”.
Wherever he goes (may go). I'll follow him.
= No matter where he goes (may go)，I'll follow him.
Whenever I visited him，he was always busy working.
= No matter when I visited him，he was always busy working.
However late he is，his mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
= No matter how late he is，his mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
注意：当however 用作连接副词时也可引导名词性从句，而whenever/ wherever 则不能引导名词性从句。
例如：
I'll give you however much money you need. (宾语从句,此时however不能改成no matter how )。
3. whatever / whichever / whoever / whenever / wherever / however 分别可相当于what / which / who / when / where / how 的强调式，引起的特殊疑问句往往是简单句，与原疑问词的意思、用法完全相同，只是表达的语气更为强烈，翻译时可加上“到底；究竟”等。
例如：What(ever) are you doing ？你(到底)在干什么？
Which(ever) do you want to buy ？你(究竟)要买哪一个？
Who(ever) told you such a foolish story？(究竟)是谁讲给你这么蠢的事？
When(ever) can I enjoy a long vacation？(究竟)什么时候才能给我放个长假呢？
Where(ever) did you leave your dictionary？你(究竟)把词典放哪儿了？
How(ever) did you collect so much money？你(到底)是怎样筹到这么多钱的？
4.“ No matter ＋疑问词”意为“无论……”、“不论……”，用来引导让步状语从句。
如：
no matter who / whom （无论谁），no matter what （无论什么），no matter which （无论哪一个），no matter how （无论怎样）等。
如：
You are always welcome no matter where you are.
无论在何地，您总是会受到欢迎的。
No matter what may happen，they've decided to leave this evening.
不管发生什么事，他们已决定今晚离开。
No matter who you may be，you have no right to do such a thing.
不论你是谁，你都无权做这样的事。
No matter when my motherland needs me，I will go without hesitation.
无论什么时候，只要祖国需要我，我都会毫不犹豫地出发。
No matter how hard it may be，I will carry it out.
无论此事有多难，我都会去做。
5. “疑问词＋ever ”相当于“ no matter + 疑问词”，ever 本是一个加强语气的词，加在疑问
词后面作后缀，不仅使疑问词的语气加强，而且变为具有让步意义的一个复合词，可用于引导让步状语从句。
例如：
Whoever（No matter who ）breaks the law，he should be punished.
无论谁违反法律，都应该受到惩罚。
Whatever you do，you must do it well. 不管做什么事，你都要做好。
Whatever problem you have，turn to me. 不管你有什么问题，都可以找我帮忙。
She is willing to help you，however busy she is. 无论多忙，她都愿意帮助你。
Wherever he is，he will be thinking of you. 无论在哪儿，他都会想着你。
6. 虽然“ no matter ＋疑问词”和“疑问词＋ever ”都可以用来引导让步状语从句，但后者的用
途更广，这类词（whoever，whatever，whichever，whenever，wherever 等）还可用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、时间或地点状语从句等。
例如：
Whoever comes to the party will receive a gift.（主语从句）来参加晚会的人都会收到一份礼物。
比较：Whoever comes to the party，he will receive a gift. （让步状语从句）＝No matter who comes to the party，he will receive a gift.
无论谁来参加晚会，都会收到一份礼物。
You can take whichever book you like best.（宾语从句）你可以拿走你喜欢的任何一本书。
Whenever we see him，we speak to him. （时间状语）从句每当我们见到他时，我们都跟他说话。