Key to Exercise Unit 1 Chemical Industries1.the Industrial Revolutionanic chemicals3.the contact process4.the Haber process5.synthetic polymers6.intermediates7.artificial fertilizers 8.pesticides (crop protection chemicals)9.synthetic fibers10.pharmaceutical11.research and development12.petrochemicalputers(automatic control equipment)14.capital intensiveSome Chemicals Used In Our Daily LifeUnit 2 Research and Development1.R&D2.ideas and knowledge3.process and products4.fundamental5.applied6.product development7.existing product8.pilot plant9.profitbility10.environmental impact11.energy cost 12.technical support13.process improvement14.effluent treatment15.pharmaceutical16.sufficiently pure17.Reaction18.unreacted material19.by-products20.the product specification21.Product storageUnit 3 Typical Activities of Chemical Engineers1.Mechanical2.electrical3.civil4.scale-upmercial-size6.reactors7.distillation columns8.pumps9.control and instrumentation10.mathematics11.industry12.academia13.steam 14.cooling water15.an economical16.to improve17.P&I Drawings18.Equipment Specification Sheets19.Construction20.capacity and performance21.bottlenecks22.Technical Sales23.new or improved24.engineering methods25.configurationsUnit 4 Sources of Chemicals1.inorganic chemicals2.derive from (originate from)3.petrochemical processes4.Metallic ores5.extraction process6.non-renewable resource7.renewable sources8.energy source9.fermentation process10.selective 11.raw material12.separation and purification13.food industry14.to be wetted15.Key to success16.Crushing and grinding17.Sieving18.Stirring and bubbling19.Surface active agents20.OverflowingUnit 5 Basic Chemicals 1. Ethylene 2. acetic acid 3.4. Polyvinyl acetate5. Emulsion paintUnit 6 Chlor-Alkali and Related Processes 1. Ammonia 2. ammonia absorber 3. NaCl & NH 4OH 4.5. NH 4Cl6. Rotary drier7. Light Na 2CO 3Unit 7 Ammonia, Nitric Acid and Urea 1. kinetically inert 2. some iron compounds 3. exothermic 4. conversion 5. a reasonable speed 6. lower pressures 7. higher temperatures 8.9. energy 10. steam reforming 11. carbon monoxide 12. secondary reformer 13. the shift reaction 14. methane 15. 3:1Unit 8 Petroleum Processing 1. organic chemicals 2. H:C ratios3. high temperature carbonization4. crude tar5. pyrolysis6. poor selectivity7. consumption of hydrogen8. the pilot stage9. surface and underground 10.fluidized bed 11. Biotechnology 12. sulfur speciesUnit 9 PolymersUnit 10 What Is Chemical EngineeringMicroscale (≤10-3m)●Atomic and molecular studies of catalysts●Chemical processing in the manufacture of integrated circuits●Studies of the dynamics of suspensions and microstructured fluidsMesoscale (10-3－102m)●Improving the rate and capacity of separations equipment●Design of injection molding equipment to produce car bumpers madefrom polymers●Designing feedback control systems for bioreactorsMacroscale (>10m)●Operability analysis and control system synthesis for an entire chemicalplant●Mathematical modeling of transport and chemical reactions ofcombustion-generated air pollutants●Manipulating a petroleum reservoir during enhanced oil recoverythrough remote sensing of process data, development and use of dynamicmodels of underground interactions, and selective injection of chemicalsto improve efficiency of recoveryUnit 12 What Do We Mean by Transport Phenomena?1.density2.viscosity3.tube diameter4.Reynolds5.eddiesminar flow7.turbulent flow 8.velocity fluctuations9.solid surface10.ideal fluids11.viscosity12.Prandtl13.fluid dynamicsUnit 13 Unit Operations in Chemical Engineering 1. physical 2. unit operations 3. identical 4. A. D. Little 5. fluid flow6. membrane separation7. crystallization8. filtration9. material balance 10. equilibrium stage model 11. Hydrocyclones 12. Filtration 13. Gravity 14. VaccumUnit 14 Distillation Operations 1. relative volatilities 2. contacting trays 3. reboiler4. an overhead condenser5. reflux6. plates7. packing8.9. rectifying section 10. energy-input requirement 11. overall thermodynamic efficiency 12. tray efficiencies 13. Batch operation 14. composition 15. a rectifying batch 1 < 2 < 3Unit 15 Solvent Extraction, Leaching and Adsorption 1. a liquid solvent 2. solubilities 3. leaching 4. distillation 5. extract 6. raffinate 7. countercurrent 8. a fluid 9. adsorbed phase 10. 400,000 11. original condition 12. total pressure 13. equivalent numbers 14. H + or OH –15. regenerant 16. process flow rates17. deterioration of performance 18. closely similar 19. stationary phase 20. mobile phase21. distribution coefficients 22. selective membranes 23. synthetic24. ambient temperature 25. ultrafiltration26. reverse osmosis (RO).Unit 16 Evaporation, Crystallization and Drying 1. concentrate solutions 2. solids 3. circulation 4. viscosity 5. heat sensitivity 6. heat transfer surfaces 7. the long tube8. multiple-effect evaporators 9.10. condensers 11. supersaturation 12. circulation pump 13. heat exchanger 14. swirl breaker 15. circulating pipe 16. Product17. non-condensable gasUnit 17 Chemical Reaction Engineering1.design2.optimization3.control4.unit operations (UO)5.many disciplines6.kinetics7.thermodynamics,8.fluid mechanics9.microscopic10.chemical reactions 11.more valuable products12.harmless products13.serves the needs14.the chemical reactors15.flowchart16.necessarily17.tail18.each reaction19.temperature and concentrations20.linearUnit 18 Chemical Engineering Modeling1.optimization2.mathematical equations3.time4.experiments5.greater understanding6.empirical approach7.experimental design8.differing process condition9.control systems 10.feeding strategies11.training and education12.definition of problem13.mathematical model14.numerical methods15.tabulated or graphical16.experimental datarmation1.the preliminary economics2.technological changes3.pilot-plant data4.process alternatives5.trade-offs6.Off-design7.Feedstocks 8.optimize9.plant operations10.energy11.bottlenecking12.yield and throughput13.Revamping14.new catalystUnit 19 Introduction to Process Design1. a flowsheet2.control scheme3.process manuals4.profit5.sustainable industrial activities6.waste7.health8.safety9. a reactor10.tradeoffs11.optimizations12.hierarchyUnit 20 Materials Science and Chemical Engineering1.the producing species2.nutrient medium3.fermentation step4.biomass5.biomass separation6.drying agent7.product8.water9.biological purificationUnit 21 Chemical Industry and Environment1.Atmospheric chemistry2.stratospheric ozone depletion3.acid rain4.environmentally friendly products5.biodegradable6.harmful by-product7.efficiently8.power plant emissions 9.different plastics10.recycled or disposed11.acidic waste solutionsanic components13.membrane technology14.biotechnology15.microorganisms。