初中英语——可数名词和不可数名词一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。

可数名词分为个体名词（表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker, farmer, desk, factory等）和集体名词（表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people, family 等）。

如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。

不可数名词分为物质名词（表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等）和抽象名词（表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work, homework, time, health, friendship等）。

二、关于可数名词可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。

名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。

如：book → books room → roomshouse → houses day → days2. 以s,ss, ch,sh, x 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es 。

如：bus → buses glass → glasseswatch → watchesdish → dishes box → boxes3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es。

如：city → cities body → bodiesfactory → factories等等。

4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为v再加-es。

如：half → halves leaf → leavesknife → knives wife → wives5. 特例[悄悄话：特例常常考，要记住。

]①child → children②man → men woman → womenpoliceman → policemen（规律：man → men）③tomato → tomatoespotato → potatoes[悄悄话：初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es，其余的当然加-s喽！如：photo → photos ]④foo t → feet tooth → teeth[悄悄话：oo变成ee。

]⑤sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形[悄悄话：变复数时词形不变。

]⑥people单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数；people的复数形式peoples通常指“多个民族”。

三、关于不可数名词1. 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

如：The food is very fresh.食品很新鲜。

2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但他们的意义往往发生变化。

如：water （水）→ waters （水域）orange （橘汁）→ oranges （橘子）3. 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数，表示种类时就可数，但意义大多不发生变化。

如：fruit → fruits food → foodsfish → fishes hair → hairs四、名词可数不可数“六注意”1、可数名词是可以用来计数的名词。

可数名词有单数和复数形式。

如：desk-desks, apple-apples等。

不可数名词是不可以直接用来计数的名词。

不可数名词没有复数形式，只有单数形式。

如：some bread， a little milk等。

2、单数可数名词表示泛指时，前面要用不定冠词a（an），表示特指时，前面要用定冠词the; 而不可数名词前不能用a（an）修饰，表示特指时，前面一定要用定冠词the。

如：He is a factory worker. 他是一名工人。

No one can see air. 没有人能看见空气。

3、可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用some, any, a lot of, lots of 等来修饰，表示"一些，许多"。

如：There are some oranges on the desk. 桌子上有一些桔子。

There is a lot of water in the bottle. 瓶里有许多水。

4、可数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量。

如：two apples, four books 等。

不可数名词前通常用"单位词+of"来表示数量。

如： a piece of paper, three pieces of paper等。

5、可数名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。

如：This picture is very beautiful. 这幅画很美。

不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，但是不可数名词前有复数"单位词"时，谓语动词要用复数形式。

如：There are two cups of tea on the table. 桌上有两杯茶。

6、对可数名词前的修饰语提问用how many; 对不可数名词前的修饰语提问用how much。

如：How many apples are there in the box?盒子里有多少个苹果？How much tea is there in the cup?杯里有多少茶水？注意：对不可数名词前的"单位词"的修饰语提问时，疑问词用how many。

如：How many pieces of bread are there on the plate?盘子里有多少片面包？英语中的名词按其表示的事物性质的不同可分为可数名词与不可数名词。

这两种名词在用法上是有区别的，现归纳如下：一、可数名词有单数、复数之分，如：map→maps；onion→onions；baker→bakers不可数名词没有复数形式，只有单数形式。

如：some water；a lot of bread二、单数可数名词表示泛指时，前面要用不定冠词a （an）；而不可数名词不能用a（an）。

如：Li Hong is a driver. I am a teacher.李红是一名司机，我是一名教师。

We can't see milk on the table.我们看不见桌上有牛奶。

[友情提醒]在表示特指时，不可数名词和可数名词前都要用定冠词the。

如： Pass me the ball，please.请把球传给我。

The chicken on the plate is yours.盘子里的鸡肉是你的。

三、可数名词表示复数意义时可用many等词修饰。

如：many apples，a lot of tomatoes，a few pens不可数名词则要用much、a little等词修饰。

如：much meat，a little bread，little water[Tips]这两类名词都可以被some、any、a lot of （lost of）等修饰。

如：some eggs/paper（纸）。

A lot of （lots of）knives/orange juice四、可数名词前通常可用具体的数词来修饰。

如：three women，ten babies不可数名词表示数量的多少时，必须与表示数量的名词连用，即“数词+表示数量的名词（可数名词）+of+ 不可数名词”。

如：two glasses of milk——两杯牛奶five pieces of bread——五片面包五、可数名词做主语时，谓语动词的单、复数与主语的单、复数须保持一致。

不可数名词做主语时，谓语动词只能用单数形式。

如：There is some rice in the bowl.碗里有些米饭。

All the students are in the classroom.所有的学生都在教室里。

[Tips]如果不可数名词前有复数名词短语修饰时，谓语动词须用复数形式。

如：There are two bags of rice in the room.房间里有两袋子大米。

六、对可数名词的数量提问用how many；对不可数名词的数量提问要用how much，但对不可数名词前表示数量名词中的修饰语提问时要用how many。

如： I can see two pictures on the wall.→How many pictures can you see on the wall？ There is a lot of pork in the basket.→How much pork is there in the basket？I want three glasses of water.→How many glasses of water do you want？七、另外，有些集合名词也是可数名词，但不同的是，它们以单数形式出现，表示复数概念，如people，police，family等；而有些可数名词本身就以复数形式出现，如clothes，glasses（眼镜）等；有的可数名词单、复数形式相同，如Japanese，sheep，Chinese等。

如：The Chinese people are hardworking and brave.中国人民勤劳勇敢。

The sports clothes are new.这些运动服是新的。

I have one sheep. He has two sheep.我有一只羊，他有三只羊。

可数与不可数名词的练习I用所给名词的适当形式填空。

1. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill?2. There is some________(beef) in the basket.3. The baby has only two________(tooth) now.4. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle.5. There are five________(person) in his family.6. Let's take________(photo), OK?7. I have a lot of________(sandwich) here.8. The________(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.9. The________(child) are playing games on the playground now.10. These________(dictionary) look new.11. I see you have a few white________(hair).12. They are________(woman) doctors.13. Can you give me some ____ (orange), please?14. There are many________(bus) in the picture.15. I would like some apple________(juice). I am very thirsty.II.选择填空：1．The deer has four ______.A. footB. feetC. feetsD. foots2．Her two brothers are both ______.A. policemanB. policemansC. policemenD. policemens3．There are four _____ and two ______ in the group.A.boys; girlB.boys; girlsC.boies; girls4．Two ______ would come to the village.A. woman-doctorsB. women doctorC. women doctors5．Can you see nine _____ in the picture?A. sheepB. dogC. pigD. horse6．The _____ has two ______.A. boys, watchesB. boy, watchC. boy, watchesD. boys, watch7．The boy often brushes his _____ before he goes to bed.A. toothB. toothsC. teethD. teeths8．The Japanese ____ doesn’t leave China until she finishes her study.A. womanB. womenC. manD. men9．There are a lot of _____ in the basket on the table.A. tomatosB. tomatoC. tomatoesSome , any , How many , How much的练习一some, any 填空：1. I don’t have _____ milk.2. There is _____ water in the glass.3. Do they have ______ friends in China?4. I want to buy ______vegetables.5. How about _____ ideas?注解：1 .some 用于肯定句，any 用于否定句和疑问句2. some 可用于征求意见的句型:Would you like some bread? May I…..? How abo ut….? Could you ….?二用many, much 填空：1.How _____ is that skirt?2. How ______ people are there in your family?3. How _______ rice do you want?4. I have _____toys in my house.5. How ______ bread is there in the box?注解：much 用于不可数名词，many 用于可数名词三句型转化：（注意some的转变）1. I have some books .(否定句，一般疑问句，及回答)2. There are some knives in the pencil-box. (同上)3. She has some rulers in the desk. ( 同上)4. They need three bags of salt. (就划线部分提问)5. There are two bottles of milk in the frige.( 同上)6. He wants five apples. ( 同上)7 I would like five boxes of erasers.(同上)四单选：1. We don’t have _____ water in the pool.A. anyB. littleC. some2. --- Would you like _____ rice? --- No,thanks.A. someB. anyC. many3. ---Do you have ____ vegetables? ---Here they ____.A. any, are B, some , is C. any, be4. ---What do you eat for your breakfast? --- I eat _____.A. a egg and some breadsB. an egg and some breadC. an egg and some breads6. I want ____ apple juice. I feel very thirsty.A.aB. anC. some7. Ben, please go to the shop to buy ____.A. three bags of saltB. three bags of saltsC. three bag of salt8. –Can I help you? ---Yes , I’d like ____.A. two kilos of orangeB. two kilo of orangesC. two kilos of oranges9. There are ____ pens in my pencil-box. But t here aren’t_____ pencils in it.A. some, someB. any ,some C, some, any10. --- I want to buy three ____ . ----How about some milk ? It’s better than water.A. bottles of water B bottles of waters C. bottle of water11. –We have some fish here. Would you like some?--- No, thanks. I don’t want ____ now.A. any fishsB. some fishC. any fish12. There is _____ on the table.A. two bags of saltB. some saltsC. some salt13. ---We don’t have ____vegetables in the fridge.---- Let me buy ____.A. any , anyB. any, someC. a little, any14. –Could you give me some money , Dad?--- ____ do you need?--- Twenty-five yuan ____ OK.A. How many, isB. How much, areC. How much, is15. How many ____ can I take?A. orangeB. orangesC. apple。