三、表示条件（多置于句首）例：
1. Working hard(=If you work hard), you will succeed.
四、表示结果（多置于句末）例：
1. The snow lasted a week, leading to a serious traffic jam in the area.
2. The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, ___ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added
注意：-ing形式的完成式having done 表示其动作发生在谓语动词 的动作之前，一般作时间或原因状 the homework, she went shopping. =When she had finished the homework, she went shopping.
5、_____ from his clothes, he is not so poor. A. Judged C. To judge B. Judging D. Judge
6、_____ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered
3、European football is played in 80 countries, ____ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make
4、___ up at his father, he asked what was the matter with him. A. Having looked B. Looking C. To look D. Look
1.They walked on the
way home, singing and laughing.
2.He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.
=He lay on the grass, and stared at the sky for a long time.
2. The secretary worked late into the night, ____a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing [解题方法] (1)分析语境逻辑，弄清空格 是否作时间、原因或伴随状语；(2)分析动 作是主动还是被动，从而确定空格的-ing 形式的语态；(3)空格设置在句子后半部时 逗号是一个重要的提示。
析：分析语境逻辑可知丢钥匙动作应发生在进房 间的动作之前，所以应该用having done的形式。 （考查时态）
=The snow lasted a week,
so/and it led to a serious traffic
jam in the area.
五、表示方式和伴随（多置于句末）
-ing形式作方式状语或伴随状语， 用来对谓语动词表示的动作或状态加以 说明。一般来说，-ing形式表示的动作 和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。例：
动词—ing形式作状语
动词的—ing形式作状语时，通 常都表示主语正在进行的另一动作， 用来对谓语动词表示的动作加以修 饰或作为陪衬。它可表示时间、原 因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴 随动作，意义上相当于相应的状语 从句。
而-ing形式的完成式having done 表示其动作发生在谓语动 词的动作之前.否定形式为not having done. V-ing通常表示动作同时进行, 否定形式为not V-ing
六、表示让步
Knowing where I live, he never comes to see me. (= Though he knows where I live, he never comes to see me.)
1、The secretary worked late into the night, __a long speech for the president. A. to prepare C. prepared B. preparing D. was preparing
C.it was looked for everywhere
D.she hurried to a policeman for help
2. ___ his key, he couldn’t enter the room. A. Having lost B. Losing C. To loss D. Lost
2. Seeing its mother, the baby smiled. =When the baby saw its mother, it smiled.
注：为强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生，在 -ing形式之前可用连词when或while.如：
Be careful when crossing the street.
二、表示原因（多置于句首）例： 1.Being ill (= As he was ill ), he went
home. 3. Hoping to get our support
(=As they hoped to get our support), they sent us their statement.
一、表示时间（置于句首或句末）
-ing形式作状语，其动作可能发生在谓语 动作之前或之后，也可能和谓语动词的动作 同时发生。例:
1. Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. =When they heard the news, they all jumped with joy.
-ing 形式作状语考点
一、考查-ing形式作状语的类型
[考点说明] -ing形式常作时间、原因、结 果、或伴随状语，可放句首或句末。
1. European football is played in 80 countries, ____ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make
二、考查-ing形式作状语与逻辑主语间的关系 -ing形式作状语时其逻辑主语是句子的主语， 此时应注意状语的人称、时态、语态和主句 主语的一致性。
1. Finding her car stolen, ____. A.a policeman was asked to help B.the area was searched thoroughly