高中英语语法动词ing形式做宾补表语定语状语用法详解及练习第一部分：动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语1．动词的-ing形式可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, smell, look at, listen to, observe, find等表示感官和心理状态的动词后面作宾语补足语，和一个名词或代词一起构成复合宾语。
We heard the children shouting upstairs. 我们听见孩子们在楼上叫喊。
I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car. 我下车的时候注意到一个男人从银行里跑出来。
I felt my heart beating violently. 我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。
2．动词的-ing形式和不定式作宾语补语的区别在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等感官动词后，既可用动词的-ing形式构成复合宾语，也可用不定式构成复合宾语，两者之间有一定的区别。
用动词的-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用不定式时，表示动作发生了，即动作的全过程结束了。
He saw a girl getting on the car. 他看见一个女孩在上汽车。
)(She was getting on the car.)He saw a girl get on the car and drive off. 他看见一个女孩上车开走了。
(She got on the car and drove off.)Do you hear someone knocking at the door 你听见有人在敲门吗(Someone is knocking at the door.)Do you hear someone knock at the door 你听见有人敲门了吗(Someone knocked at the door just now.)提示：如果宾语补足语是一系列的动作，通常只能用不定式来表示，不用动词的-ing形式。
I saw him enter the room, sit down and light a cigarette. 我看见他走进房间，坐了下来，点燃了一根香烟。
【3．动词的-ing形式也可用在have, get, leave, keep, set, catch等表示“致使”的动词后作宾语补足语。
They should not leave us wondering what they will do next. 他们不应该不让我们知道他们下一步要做什么。
I won't have you running about in the room. 我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。
We kept the fire burning all night long. 我们使火整夜燃烧着。
第二部分．动词的-ing形式作定语1．单个的动词的-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般有两种含义。
①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。
a reading room= a room which is used for reading阅览室running shoes= shoes for running跑鞋(a working method = a method of working工作方法a sewing machine 缝纫机a swimming pool 游泳池a drawing board 画板a dining car 餐车a driving permit 驾驶许可证a walking stick 手杖a singing competition 歌咏比赛a waiting room 候车室②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。
developing countries = countries that are developing发展中国家·an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary看起来很普通的房子a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody困扰人的问题a disappointing play令人失望的戏剧an astonishing adventure 惊人的冒险boiling water 正在沸腾的水a sleeping baby 熟睡的婴儿a barking dog 狂吠的狗2．作定语的-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面。
The bottle containing vinegar should be sent to the laboratory. 装着醋的那个瓶子应送到实验室去。
They lived in a house facing south. 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。
The book being discussed a lot will be published next month. 人们谈论很多的那本书下一个月将出版。
￥第三部分：．动词的-ing形式作状语动词的-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。
-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。
1．表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。
Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，她想起了自己的童年。
（= When she saw those pictures...）Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination. 我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。
（= After we have made full preparation...）2．表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Not knowing his address, I can't send this book to him. 因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。
（= As I don't know his address...）Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. 由于生病，他昨天没有上学。
（= Since he was ill...）"3．表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。
His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。
（= ... and left him a lot of money）She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces. 她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，摔成了碎片。
（= ... and broke it into pieces...）4．表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。
Going straight down the road, you will find the department store. 顺着这条路一直走，你就会发现那家百货商店。
（= If you go straight down the road...）Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed. 如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。
（= If you work hard at your lessons...）5．表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。
（= Although they knew all this...）Working hard as he did, he was still unable to earn enough money to buy a car. 他虽然努力地干，但仍然挣不够买车的钱。
（= Though he worked hard as he did...）6．表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。
He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. 他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。
（= ...and stared at the sky for a long time）？She came into the house, carrying a lot of books. 她捧着许多书走进了房间。
（= ...and carried a lot of books）高中现在分词用法综合练习题V-ing作主语和宾语练习题一、用所给动词的适当形式填空the task was difficult,they managed (finish) it on time.(travel) around the world and (taste) all the delicious foods in different counties.suggest (invite) him to speak on education.promised (attend) our meeting, but he didn’t turn up.practice (play) the piano in my spare time.the boys are looking forward to (feed) the animals.;always prefer (start) early rather than (leave) everything to the last minute.8. (walk) is a good form of exercise for both men and women.shopping w omen sometimes can’t help (persuade) into buying more clothes than necessary.you think it of any use (argue) with him any moreWe are wasting our time (try) to persuade hom to give up the idea.11. (make) friends is an necessary part in our life.’s no use (argue) with a person like him.are considering (go) to Hainan for the summer holiday.regret (say) that I regret (do) such a silly thing.thief ran away quickly to avoid (catch).you mind (turn) down your radio a little,pleaseis no use (keep) silent about such a matter.!(be) late made our boss very angry.teacher told the students to stop and (write,listen) to him.succeeded in (persuade) her to do the job.二、完成句子(记住开车时要多加小心)next time.（记得被邀请）to their party, but left the invitation in theoffice.I came in, he （停止读书）and looked up at me.I saw Tom, I .（停下来和他打招呼）but the ignored me.（试图完成）the work with the least cost and fewest people.decided that they would （尝试住在美国）for several years.(继续做相同的练习)。