年级高一学科英语版本人教实验版内容标题必修4 Unit 3 A taste of English humor动词-ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语编稿老师林静【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：动词-ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语二. 知识精讲（一）动词的ing形式作表语1. 动名词作表语一般表示抽象的、习惯性的行为，这时主语与表语的位置可以互换。
Her duty is taking care of the babies.照看婴儿是她的职责。
Our job is playing all kinds of music.我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐2. 现在分词作表语，表明的是主语的性质与特征，相当于形容词，可有比较级形式，亦可被very, quite，so等副词修饰，这时主语与表语的位置不可互换The music they are playing sounds exciting.他们演奏的音乐是如此令人兴奋The film we saw last night is quite moving.我们昨晚看的电影十分感人。
（二）动词的ing形式作定语1. 动名词作定语，表示该名词的用途或与其有关的动作，通常只能放在所修饰的名词前。
a walking stick手杖reading room 阅览室washing machine洗衣机2.现在分词作定语，说明所修饰的名词正在进行的动作或存在的状态，现在分词与所修饰的名词具有逻辑上的主谓关系，可换成定语从句来表达，单个的现在分词作定语常置于被修饰的名词前，现在分词短语作定语须置于被修饰的名词后。
Nobody can stop the running horse(=the horse that is running).没人能阻止那匹奔跑的马。
The student making the experiment(=who is making the experiment) is our monitor.正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。
（三）动词-ing形式作宾语补足语动词-ing形式作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行，这时宾语与宾补之间构成主谓关系，主要用于以下两类动词之后：1. 表示感觉和状态的动词，如see, hear, feel, smell, watch, find, notice，catch，observe等。
I felt someone patting on the shoulder.我感到有人拍了拍我的肩膀I caught a stranger sliding into the manager’s office.我无意中发现一个陌生人溜进了经理的办公室。
2. 表示“指使”等意义的动词，如have, set, keep, get, leave等Do you think you can get the radio working ?你认为你能修好这台收音机吗？I’m sorry to have kept you waiting long.对不起，让你久等了知识拓展：感官动词和使役动词后，除用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语外，还可以用省略to 的不定式（强调动作的完成，指全过程）及过去分词（宾语与宾补之间构成被动关系）作宾补。
I saw the thief get on the train and disappeared .我看见那个贼上了火车，消失了。
There was so much noise in the hall that I couldn’t make myself heard.大厅里太嘈杂了，我说话的声音无法被别人听到。
即学即用：1. If a solution ________ the rivers against pollution is found, then our living surroundings will be improved.A. to protectB. protectingC. to protectingD. protect2. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _____ the desert.A. coveringB. coveredC. coverD. to cover3. He looked around and caught a man _____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. putB. to be putC. to putD. putting4. ________ to give up smoking, he threw away his ________ cigarettes.A. Determined; remainedB. Determined; remainingC. Determining; remainedD. Determining; remaining5. The houses ________ by the first company will be completed by the end of this year.A. being builtB. builtC. to be buildingD. to build6. He was deeply _______because the story is ____________.A. moved; movedB. moving; movingC. moved; movingD. moving; moved（四）现在分词（短语）（动词-ing形式）作状语1. 现在分词（短语）作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，分词必须和句子的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
现在分词作状语可以表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随情况等。
（1）表示时间，作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句，有时可以在动词-ing 形式前加一个表示时间的连词，如when，while等。
Turning away (= When she turned around ), she saw a car driving up.转过身来，她看见一辆车开过来了。
While shopping(= While I was shopping ) in the supermarket , I met an old friend of mine.在超市购物时，我碰到了一个老朋友。
Having finished(=After he had finished ) the homework , Henry went home.完成作业后，亨利就回家了。
(2）表示原因，作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。
Not knowing his telephone number (= Since I didn’t know …) , I couldn’t get in touch with him.由于不知道他的电话号码，我无法和他取得联系。
Having lived in London for many years (= Because I have lived …) , I almost know every place quite well.在伦敦住过多年，我几乎对每个地方都很熟悉。
（3）表示结果，作结果状语，相当于结果状语从句。
通常放在句末，中间有逗号隔开，表示一种自然的、顺理成章的结果。
The fire lasted nearly a month , leaving nothing valuable ( = and left nothing valuable).大火持续了近一个月，几乎没剩下有用的东西。
His parents died in the accident, leaving him an orphan.他的父母在车祸中丧生，以致他成了孤儿。
(4)表示条件，作条件状语，相当于条件状语从句。
Being more careful ( = If you are more careful), you can make fewer mistakes.如果你更细心点，就会少犯错误。
Working hard( = If you work hard ), you will succeed.努力工作，你会成功的。
(5)表示让步，作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句，有时分词前可带有连词although , even if , even though.Admitting what you say ( = Although I admit what you say ) , I still think you are wrong.虽然承认你所说的话，但我仍然认为你错了。
Although repeating his words many times( = Although the teacher repeated …) , the teacher couldn’t make his students understand.尽管重复了许多次，老师还是无法让学生理解他自己所说的话。
(6)表示方式、伴随或补充说明。
分词短语表示方式、伴随或补充说明时，常用来说明动作发生的背景或情况。
一般情况下，分词表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，常置于句末，可以用并列句来转换。
I stood by the door, not daring to say a word ( = and didn’t dare to say a word).我站在门旁，不敢说一句话。
He was walking along the street , looking this and that (= and looked this andthat ).他左顾右盼地在街上走着。
When people heard about Qu Yuan’s death , they sailed up and down the river searching for his body(=and searched for his body ).人们听到屈原的死讯后，在江上来来回回地寻找他的尸体。
2. 现在分词作状语时应注意的问题。
(1)现在分词作状语时，要注意分词的时间性。
当分词的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生时，用分词的一般式。
当现在分词的动作先于谓语动词的动作发生时，用分词的完成式。
Not recognizing the voice, he refused to give the person his address.因为没听出这个人的声音，他没把自己的地址给他Not having received his father’s letter, he decided to make a call to him.因为没收到父亲的信，他决定打个电话给父亲(2) 有时现在分词（短语）有自己的逻辑主语，它们之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，称之为独立主格结构。