英语中的主谓一致[知识精讲]主谓一致是指：一、语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
●I often help him and he often helps me.●We often help each other and learn from each other.二、意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
1）主语形式虽然为单数，意义为复数的，谓语动词用复数。
有些集体名词可为单数也可为复数，主要依据意思而定：如果指整体用单数，如果指这个集体中的个体时则用复数。
●His family is not very large.（他的“家”是指整体）●His family are all music lovers.（他的“家人”是指家里的个体）注意: 集体名词中有一类只当复数看待的词,或者我们只把它们看作复数的词,那么它们的谓语只能用复数,象:cattle,folk,people,police,youth等等,这里要提一下的是people这个词,如果它所表示的是民族的话,那么它的谓语就用单数.2）主语形式为复数，而意义上为单数，谓语动词用单数。
形复意单的词有：news,works，trousers,pants,shorts,glasses,scissors和一些以s结尾的书名、组织机构的名称以及以ics 结尾的学科名称等。
●Physics is a difficult subjiect.●Her glasses are new.但是当这类词前有a pair of 修饰时，谓语动词应用单数形式。
●This pair of pants is fit for me.三、就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，1、并列结构作主语时。
1）由and 并列的两个名词做主语时，如果表示的是一个同一概念或者单数概念，谓语动词用单数，否则用复数●The iron and steel industry is very important.●The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city.2）当each...and each...;every...and every...;no...and no...;many a.. and many a...结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
●Ｎo man and no animal is to be found on the moon.●Many a doctor and many a nurse is busy with their work.3）由not only…but also…; neither…nor…; either…or…并列两个主语时，谓语动词和就近的保持一致●Not only the students but also the teacher wants to see the film.●Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.4) 如果主语是单数，即使后面跟着由with, together with, as well as, like, but, except等引起的短语，谓语动词仍然用单数(与第一个主语保持一致)●An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, is to be built here.● A scientist, together with some assistants, was sent to the flooded area to help in the work.2、分数、百分数作主语时分数，百分数+ of + 名词做主语时，主要看名词是单数还是复数；是可数还是不可数●More than 70% of the earth is covered with water.●60% of the students have arrived.但，population 单独做主语，为单数●What is the population of the city?注意: 如果分数用one in five,two in five之类的,那么则看in前面的数词,是one时,谓语动词用单数(无论后面的主语是单数还是复数),如果是大于one 的数词,则由后面的名词的单、复数来确定谓语的形式。
●One in five students is in the classroom.●Two in five students are on the playground.●Three in five water is salty.3、不定代词作主语时1）each 和由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词都看作单数●Each of us has something to say about the subject. （注意:如果是we each 就用复数）●Just a minute, someone is talking with manager.2）none指不可数名词时为单数，指可数名词时为单复皆可，主要取决于说话人头脑中联想到的是单数还是复数●None of the books are easy for us.●None cares now.3）what, which, who, some, more, most, all（指人时谓语动词用复数，指物时谓语动词用单数）等代词是单数或是复数要依据意思来定●Which is / are your room / rooms?●What we need is more practice.4）either, neither作主语通常看作单数●Neither of us has passed the examination.●Either of them has known it.5）both ;(a)few,many,several作主语时，谓语动词通常用作复数形式。
●Both (of) the students are not right.4、the +adj.表示一类人时为复数，表示一类物概念时为单数●The poor were looked down upon in the old days.●The true is always appreciated anytime.5、Many a和more than one修饰的词做主语时，虽然是复数意义,但谓语动词要用单数●Many a person has had that kind of experience.●More than one expert was invited to the party.6、a number of + n为复数（许多的，大量的）；the number of + n为单数（、、、的数量）● A number of books on this subject have been published.●The number of books on this subject is amazing.7、one of + pl做先行词，后接定语从句且关系代词做主语，定语从句的谓语动词用复数；the one of…/ the very one of… / the only one of…做先行词且关系代词做主语，定语从句的谓语动词用单数●He is one of the students who are into computer games.●He is the only one of the students who i s into computer games.8、动名词，不定式或者从句做主语时1）在“主系表”结构中，如果以what从句作主语，表语又是单数，主句的谓语动词一般用单数；但如果表语是复数，主句的谓语动词一般用复数；动词不定式，-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
●What caused the accident is a complete mystery.●To learn English well is difficult.2) 当what从句具有两个或两个以上的动词，是表示复数意义的并列结构时，主句中的谓语动词多用复数形式。
●What I say and think are none of your business.3）用how and why,when and where 引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词仍然用单数形式。
●How and why he had come to Princeton New Jersey is a story of struggle,success andsadness.4) and连接的两个名词性从句作主语，如果表示两件事情，其谓语动词常用复数形式。
●What caused the accident and who was responsible for it remain a mystery to us.9、形式为复数，意义为单数的名词作主语时。
1）表示时间，数量，距离,重量,长度及价值的名词尽管是复数形式但常被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数●Today ten thousand yuan is not a large number.●100 miles was covered in a single night.2）不可数名词如果被表示数量的名词所修饰，谓语动词用复数●Three million tons of coal were exported that year3）one and a half…为单数●One and a half hours is enough for the experiment.4）群岛、山脉、瀑布等专有名词如：the Alps,the Philippines,Niagara Falls等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
●Niagara Falls are a splendid scene.10、here的倒装句型, there be引起一个句子而主语又不止一个，谓语动词通常和就近的一个一致●Here is a ruler, a few pencils and two copybooks.●There is a computer, a typewriter and two telephones on the desk.[真题演练]1、All possible means___been taken to stop the river___.(２００６北京)A. have; pollutingB.has; pollutedC.have; from pollutedD.has; being polluted解析：选D。