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不带to的不定式用法

不带to的不定式用法
动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,它具有名词、形容词、副词的特征,因此在句子里用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、定语、状语和表语。

但在某些结构中,不定式又往往不带to,现将有关不定式不带to的用法大致综述如下:
1.用在感觉动词see,watch,notice,look at,hear,listen to,feel等后,作为宾语补足语,动词不定式不带to。

如:
We often heard them sing.我们常常听到他们唱歌。

I saw her walk into the headmaster's office.我看见她走进了校长办公室。

2.用在使役动词make,let,have等后,作为宾语补足语,动词不定式不带to。

如:
What makes you think I'm a farmer?你怎么认为我是一个农民?
Now let me hear you play.现在让我听你演奏。

I'll have my brother repair the radio for you.我要让我哥哥给你修理收音机。

注意:感觉动词see,hear,watch,notice,feel,look at,listen to和使役动词let,make,have等用于被动语态时,动词不定式作为主语补足语则要带to。

如:
She was heard to sing in the next room.有人听到她在隔壁房间里唱歌。

3.用在 had better,had best(最好), would rather(宁愿), may/might as well (最好), cannot but (不得不, 必然, 不能不), can not help but (不得不) , can not choose but (不得不,只好), 等结构后,词不定式不带to。

如:
I'd better go and look for him.我最好现在就去找他。

You'd best get there before lunch.你最好午饭前到达那儿。

We would rather wait till tomorrow.我们宁愿等到明天。

4.两个或两个以上句法功能相同的动词不定式并列使用时,通常只是第一个动词不定式带to,后面的动词不定式则不带to。

如:
So he decided to go and get some medicine for his cough.因此他决定去买点咳嗽药。

They began to read and write.他们开始读和写。

5.用在“Will you please+动词不定式”一类表示邀请或命令的句型中,动词不定式不带to。

如:
Will you please bring me some chicken?请你给我带点鸡肉来好吗?
Will you please ask her to call me tomorrow?请你让她明天给我打个电话好吗?
6.用在由“Why…”或“Why not…”一类表示建议的句型中,动词不定式不带to。

如:
Why not join us?(=Why won't you join us?)为什么不加入到我们当中来呢?
Why spend so much money?为什么花这么多钱呢?
7.用在助动词will,shall,would,do和情态动词can,may,must,need,dare等后,动词不定式不带to。

如:
I can sing in English.我会用英语唱。

I think it'll fit me quite well before long.我想这(件大衣)很快就会合身的。

Unfair!How dare you say that?不公平!你怎么敢这么说?
注意:ought to,have to中的to不能少。

dare和need用作实义动词时,它后面的动词不定式要带to。

如:
The girl doesn't dare to swim in the river.这女孩不敢在河里游泳。

8.用在动词help后作为宾语补足语,动词不定式既可以带to,也可以不带to。

如:
Will you help me repair my bike?请你帮我修理一下自行车好吗?
Li Ping often helps me(to)do my lessons.李平经常帮助我做功课。

9.用在do anything(nothing,everything)but或except一类结构后,动词不定式不带to。

如:
Can't you do anything but ask silly questions?难道你只会提些愚蠢的问题吗?
There is nothing to do except wait until the rain stops.除了静候雨停之外别无办法。

9)在make do(make do with v.设法应付; make do without在没有...的情况下, 设法应付过去), make believe (假装, 假扮), let drop(使跌下, 丢下), let fall (放下(吊桥等) ,使(帷幕)落下) , let fly (v.发射, 猛烈, 攻击), let slip(v.放走, 松开, 错过, 无意中说出), let drive at (,v.对准打),let go of (释放, 放开), leave go of(v.松手)等固定搭配中,用不带to的动词不定式。

例如:
They let go of the rope。

他们松开了绳子。

John let fly a torrent of abuse at me。

约翰朝我痛骂了一顿。

10)当What one does/did ;The first thing one should do 等含有实意动词do的结构在句中做主语,且表语是动词不定式时,to常省略。

Eg. John was short of money then, so what he did was sell his house to pay off the debts.。

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