有限元分析习题及大作业试题要求:1)个人按上机指南步骤至少选择习题中3个习题独立完成,并将计算结果上交;2)以小组为单位完成有限元分析计算;3)以小组为单位编写计算分析报告;4)计算分析报告应包括以下部分:A、问题描述及数学建模;B、有限元建模(单元选择、结点布置及规模、网格划分方案、载荷及边界条件处理、求解控制)C、计算结果及结果分析(位移分析、应力分析、正确性分析评判)D、多方案计算比较(结点规模增减对精度的影响分析、单元改变对精度的影响分析、不同网格划分方案对结果的影响分析等)E、建议与体会4)11月1日前必须完成,并递交计算分析报告(报告要求打印)。
习题及上机指南:(试题见上机指南)例题1 坝体的有限元建模与受力分析 例题2 平板的有限元建模与变形分析 例题1:平板的有限元建模与变形分析计算分析模型如图1-1 所示, 习题文件名: plane0.5 m 0.5 m0.5 m0.5 m板承受均布载荷:1.0e 5 P a图1-1 受均布载荷作用的平板计算分析模型1.1 进入ANSYS程序 →ANSYSED 6.1 →Interactive →change the working directory into yours →input Initial jobname: plane →Run1.2设置计算类型ANSYS Main Menu : Preferences →select Structural → OK 1.3选择单元类型ANSYS Main Menu : Preprocessor →Element T ype →Add/Edit/Delete →Add →select Solid Quad 4node 42 →OK (back to Element T ypes window) → Options… →select K3: Plane stress w/thk →OK →Close (the Element T ype window)1.4定义材料参数ANSYS Main Menu : Preprocessor →Material Props →Material Models →Structural →Linear →Elastic →Isotropic →input EX:2.1e11, PRXY :0.3 → OK1.5定义实常数ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor →Real Constant s… →Add … →select T ype 1→ OK →input THK:1 →OK →Close (the Real Constants Window)1.6生成几何模型✓生成特征点ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor →Modeling →Create →Keypoints →In Active CS→依次输入五个点的坐标:input:1(0,0),2(1,0), 3(1,1),4(0,1),5(0.5,0.5) →OK✓生成平板ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor →Modeling →Create →Areas →Arbitrary →Through KPS→连接特征点1,2,5 →Apply →连接特征点2,3,5 →Apply →连接特征点3,4,5 →Apply →连接特征点4,1,5 →OK1.7网格划分ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor →Meshing→Mesh T ool →(Size Controls) lines: Set →Pick All(in Picking Menu) →input NDIV:1→OK→(back to the mesh tool window)Mesh: Areas, Shape: Tri, Free →Mesh →Pick All (in Picking Menu) →Close( the Mesh T ool window)1.8模型施加约束✓给模型施加x方向约束ANSYS Main Menu: Solution→Define Loads →Apply→Structural →Displacement→On Lines→拾取模型左部的竖直边:Lab2: UX →OK✓施加y方向约束ANSYS Main Menu: Solution→Define Loads →Apply→Structural →Displacement→On Keypoints→拾取4# 特征点:Lab2: UY →OK1.9 分析计算ANSYS Main Menu: Solution →Solve →Current LS→OK(to close the solve Current Load Step window) →OK1.10 结果显示ANSYS Main Menu: General Postproc →Plot Results→Deformed Shape…→select Def + Undeformed→OK (back to Plot Results window) →Contour Plot→Nodal Solu →select: DOF solution, UX,UY, Def + Undeformed →OK1.11 退出系统ANSYS Utility Menu: File→Exit →Save Everything→OK例题2:坝体的有限元建模与应力应变分析计算分析模型如图2-1 所示, 习题文件名: dam。
1m5m 0.55m图2-1 坝体的计算分析模型2.1进入ANSYS程序→ANSYSED 6.1 →Interactive →change the working directory into yours →input Initial jobname: dam→Run2.2设置计算类型ANSYS Main Menu: Preferences →select Structural →OK2.3选择单元类型ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor →Element T ype→Add/Edit/Delete →Add →select Solid Quad 4node 42 →OK (back to Element T ypes window)→Options… →select K3: Plane Strain →OK→Close (the Element T ype window)2.4定义材料参数ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor →Material Props →Material Models →Structural→Linear→Elastic→Isotropic→input EX:2.1e11, PRXY:0.3→OK2.5生成几何模型✓生成特征点ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor →Modeling →Create →Keypoints →In Active CS→依次输入四个点的坐标:input:1(0,0),2(1,0),3(1,5),4(0.45,5)→OK✓生成坝体截面ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor →Modeling →Create →Areas →Arbitrary →Through KPS→依次连接四个特征点,1(0,0),2(10,0),3(1,5),4(0.45,5) →OK2.6网格划分ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor →Meshing →Mesh T ool→(Size Controls) lines:Set →依次拾取两条横边:OK→input NDIV: 15 →Apply→依次拾取两条纵边:OK →input NDIV: 20 →OK →(back to the mesh tool window)Mesh: Areas, Shape: Quad, Mapped →Mesh →Pick All (in Picking Menu) →Close( the Mesh T ool window)2.7模型施加约束✓分别给下底边和竖直的纵边施加x和y方向的约束ANSYS Main Menu: Solution→Define Loads →Apply→Structural →Displacement→On lines→pick the lines →OK→select Lab2:UX, UY →OK✓给斜边施加x方向的分布载荷ANSYS 命令菜单栏: Parameters→Functions →Define/Edit→1) 在下方的下拉列表框内选择x ,作为设置的变量;2) 在Result窗口中出现{X},写入所施加的载荷函数:1000*{X};3) File>Save(文件扩展名:func) →返回:Parameters→Functions →Read from file:将需要的.func文件打开,任给一个参数名,它表示随之将施加的载荷→OK →ANSYS Main Menu: Solution→Define Loads →Apply→Structural →Pressure →On Lines →拾取斜边;OK →在下拉列表框中,选择:Existing table →OK →选择需要的载荷参数名→OK2.8 分析计算ANSYS Main Menu: Solution →Solve →Current LS→OK(to close the solve Current Load Step window) →OK2.9 结果显示ANSYS Main Menu: General Postproc →Plot Results→Deformed Shape…→select Def + Undeformed→OK (back to Plot Results window)→Contour Plot→Nodal Solu…→select: DOF solution, UX,UY, Def + Undeformed , Stress ,SX,SY,SZ, Def + Undeformed→OK2.10 退出系统ANSYS Utility Menu: File→Exit…→Save Everything→OK大作业试题1:图示无限长刚性地基上的三角形大坝,受齐顶的水压力作用,试用三节点常应变单元和六节点三角形单元对坝体进行有限元分析,并对以下几种计算方案进行比较:1) 分别采用相同单元数目的三节点常应变单元和六节点三角形单元计算;2) 分别采用不同数量的三节点常应变单元计算; 3) 当选常应变三角单元时,分别采用不同划分方案计算。