一、常用句型一)原因1.A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem).2. The change in rgely results from the fact that...3. We may blame ...，but the real causes are...4.Another contributing factor (cause ) is ...二)比较1.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.2.For all the disadvantages，it has its compensating advantages.3.A and B has several points in common.4. People used to think ...，but things are different now.三)批驳1．There is a grain of truth in these statements，but they ignore a more important fact.2．Some people say ...，but it does not hold water.3．It makes no sense to argue for ...4．Too much stress placed on ... may lead to ...四)后果1. It may give rise to a host of problems.2. The immediate result it produces is ...3. It will exercise a profound influence upon...4. Its consequence can be so great that...五)举例1．A good case in point is ...2．Such examples might be given easily.六)证明1．No one can deny the fact that ...2．Recent studies indicate that ...3．There is sufficient evidence to show that ...七)开篇1．Many nations have been faced with the problem of ...2．Never in our history has the idea that ... been so popular.3．Faced with ...，quite a few people argue that ...4．According to a recent survey，...5．With the rapid development of ......八)结尾1. From what has been discussed above，we can draw the conclusion that ...2. It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ...3. With the efforts of all parts concerned，the problem will be solved thoroughly.九)解释原因的1.to begin with，then，furthermore，finally(强烈推荐)2.to start with，next，in addition，finally(强烈推荐)3.first and foremost，besides，last but not least(强烈推荐)4.most important of all，moreover，finally5.on the one hand，on the other hand(适用于两点的情况)6.for one thing，for another thing(适用于两点的情况)十)前后连接词then，therefore，consequently，accordingly，hence，as a result，for this reason，so that二、词汇替换1.individuals，characters，folks 替换(people ，persons)2.positive，favorable，rosy (美好的)promising (有希望的)，perfect，pleasurable ，excellent，outstanding，superior 替换good3.dreadful，unfavorable，poor，adverse，ill (有害的)替换bad 。
如果bad 做表语，可以有be less impressive 替换。
Eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games，enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation ，as a result，they find their academic records are less impressive4.(an army of，an ocean of，a sea of，a multitude of ，a host of，many，if not most)替换many. 注：用many，if not most 一定要小心，many 后一定要有词。
Eg. Many individuals，if not most，harbor the idea that….同理用most，if not all ，替换most.5. a slice of，quiet a few ，several 替换some6.harbor the idea that，take the attitude that，hold the view that，it is widely shared that，it is universally acknowledged that)替换think (因为是书面语，所以要加that)7.affair ，business ，matter 替换thing8. shared 替换common9.reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits )10.for my part ，from my own perspective 替换in my opinion11.Increasing(ly)，growing 替换more and more( 注意没有growingly 这种形式。
所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.) Eg.sth has gained growing popularity. Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.12.little if anything，或little or nothing 替换hardly13.beneficial，rewarding 替换helpful14.shopper，client，consumer，purchaser，替换customer15.exceedingly，extremely，intensely 替换very16.hardly necessary，hardly inevitable …… 替换unnecessary，avoidable17.sth appeals to sb，sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in18.capture one’s attention 替换attract one’s attention.19.facet，demension，sphere 替换aspect20.be indiicative of ，be suggestive of ，be fearful of 替换indicate，suggest ，fear21.give rise to，lead to，result in，trigger 替换cause.22. There are several reasons behind sth 替换..reasons for sth23.desire 替换want.24.pour attention into 替换pay attention to25.bear in mind that 替换remember26. enjoy，possess 替换have(注意process 是过程的意思)27. interaction 替换communication28.frown on sth 替换be against ，disagree with sth29.to name only a few，as an example 替换for example，for instance30. next to / virtually impossible替换nearly / almost impossible31.believe，claim，maintain，argue，insist，hold the opinion/ belief that替换think三、常用短语1.经济的快速发展the rapid development of economy2.人民生活水平的显著提高/稳步增长the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people's living standard3.先进的科学技术advanced science and technology4.面临新的机遇和挑战be faced with new opportunities and challenges5.人们普遍认为It is commonly believed/ recognized that…6.社会发展的必然结果the inevitable result of social development7.引起了广泛的公众关注arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention8.不可否认It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that…9.热烈的讨论/争论 a heated discussion/ debate10.有争议性的问题 a controversial issue11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument12.一些人…而另外一些人… Some people…while others…13.就我而言/就个人而言As far as I am concerned，/ Personally，14.就…达到绝对的一致reach an absolute consen sus on…15.有充分的理由支持be supported by sound reasons16.双方的论点arguments on both sides17.发挥着日益重要的作用play an increasingly important role in…18.对…必不可少be indispensable to…19.正如谚语所说As the proverb goes：20.…也不例外…be no exception21.对…产生有利/不利的影响exert positive/ negative effects on…22.利远远大于弊the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.23.导致，引起lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in24.复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon25.责任感/成就感sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement26.竞争与合作精神sense of competition and cooperation27.开阔眼界widen one's horizon/ broaden one's vision28.学习知识和技能acquire knowledge and skills29.经济/心理负担financial burden / psychological burden30.考虑到诸多因素take many factors into account/ consideration31.从另一个角度from another perspective32.做出共同努力make joint efforts33.对…有益be beneficial / conducive to…34.为社会做贡献make contributions to the society35.打下坚实的基础lay a solid foundation for…36.综合素质comprehensive quality37.无可非议blameless / beyond reproach39.致力于/投身于be committed / devoted to…40.应当承认Admittedly，41.不可推卸的义务unshakable duty42.满足需求satisfy/ meet the needs of…43.可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information44.宝贵的自然资源valuable natural resources46.方便快捷convenient and efficient47.在人类生活的方方面面in all aspects of human life48.环保(的)environmental protection / environmentally friendly49.社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress50.科技的飞速更新the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology51.对这一问题持有不同态度hold different attitudes towards this issue52.支持前/后种观点的人people / those in fovor of the former/ latter opinion53.有/提供如下理由/证据have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence54.在一定程度上to some extent/ degree / in some way55.理论和实践相结合integrate theory with practice56.…必然趋势an irresistible trend of…57.日益激烈的社会竞争the increasingly fierce social competition58.眼前利益immediate interest/ short-term interest59.长远利益interest in the long run60.…有其自身的优缺点…has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages61.扬长避短Exploit to the full one's favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones62.取其精髓，去其糟粕Take the essence and discard the dregs.63.对…有害do harm to / be harmful to64.交流思想/情感/信息exchange ideas/ emotions/ information65.跟上…的最新发展keep pace with / keep abreast with the latest development of…66.采取有效措施来…take effective measures to do sth.67.…的健康发展the healthy development of…68.有利有弊Every coin has its two sides.No garden without weeds.69.对…观点因人而异Views on…vary from person to person.70.重视attach great i mportance to…71.社会地位social status72.把时间和精力放在…上focus time and energy on…73.扩大知识面expand one's scope of knowledge74.身心两方面both physically and mentally75.和…直接/间接相关be directly / indirectly related to…76.提出折中提议set forth a compromise proposal78.缓解压力/减轻负担relieve stress/ burden79.优先考虑…give (top) priority to sth.80.与…相比compared with…/ in comparison with81.相反on the contrary.82.代替replace/ substitute / take the place of83.经不起推敲cannot bear closer analysis / cannot hold water84.提供就业机会offer job opportunities85.社会进步的反映mirror of social progress86.毫无疑问Undoubtedly，/ There is no doubt that…87.增进相互了解enhance/ promote mutual understanding88.充分利用make full use of / take advantage of89.承受更大的工作压力suffer from heavier work pressure90.保障社会的稳定和繁荣guarantee the stability and prosperity of our society91.更多地强调put more emphasis on…92.适应社会发展adapt oneself to the development of society93.实现梦想realize one's dream/ make one's dream come true94.主要理由列举如下The main reasons are listed as follows：95.首先First，Firstly，In the first place，To begin with96.其次Second，Secondly，In the second place，besides，in addition，additionally，moreover，furthermore97.最后Finally，Last but not the least，Lastly，98.总而言之All in all，To sum up，In summary，In a word，99.我们还有很长的路要走We still have a long way to go.100.加大了…的可能性increase the chances of四、谚语1.Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。