12)1()(x f 0x x =)(00x f a =!)(0)(k x f a k k =ππππ11()cos d (0,1,2,),()sin d (1,2,)ππn n a f x nx x n b f x nx x n --====⎰⎰． 34求收敛半径定理，幂级数展开定理，1 为了叙述方便，称前者为有限加而无穷个数相加只是我们不可能用有限加法的方法来完成另外，有限加法中的结合律和交换律在我们在研究无限累加时，是以有限加法(部一般情况下，这个和的数值不易求得，教科书1 ，B ．）级数的求和问题． +-+-=1111x0)11()11(=+-+-= x 1)11()11(1=-----= x x x -=+-+--=1)1111(1 ，于是12x =． 柯西指出：以上解法犯∑∞=--11)1(n n2 ∑∞=1n nu0lim ≠∞→n n u ∑∞=1n nup2 1π3sin4n nn ∞=∑ π303sin π44nnn ⎛⎫<< ⎪⎝⎭13π4nn ∞=⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭∑1π3sin4n nn ∞=∑ 11π3sin341π43sin 4n n n n ++=< 1π3sin4n n n ∞=∑ 3 ∑∞=1n nu0lim ≠∞→n n u 0lim =∞→n n u∑∞=1n nu∑∞=1n nu∑∞=1n nu∑∞=1n nu∑∞=1n nu0lim ≠∞→n n u3 ∑∞=---+-11)11()1(n n n n1111211)11()1(1+>-++=--+=--+--n n n n n n n n∑∑∞=∞==+01111n n nn ∑∞=---+-11)11()1(n n n n0112limlim =-++=∞→∞→n n u n n n0)2)(11()1(2)12(2)2()11(1>++--+--++-+=-+---+=-+n n n n n n n n n n n n u u n n4 ∑∞=⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+--21111n n n∑∑∑∞=∞=∞==-=⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+--22112121111n n k k n n n 11k k ∞=∑∑∞=⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛+--21111n n n 4 0n n n a x ∞=∑nn n a a 1lim+∞→R ),(R R -R x ±=nn n a a 1lim +∞→0x x -5 ∑∞=⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛151n nx n111155nnnn n x x n n ∞∞==⎛⎫= ⎪⋅⎝⎭∑∑ 11511lim lim lim lim1(1)55(1)551n n n n n n n na n na n n n ++→∞→∞→∞→∞⋅====+⋅⋅+⎛⎫⋅+ ⎪⎝⎭5=R )5,5(-5=x ∑∞=11n n 5-=n ∑∞=-1)1(n n n)5,5[-6 2111(1)(21)!n n n x n -∞+=--∑2221(21)!1limlim lim 0(21)!2(21)n n n n nu n x x x u n n n +→∞→∞→∞-===⋅+++∞=R ),(+∞-∞7 11(1)(1)nn n x n∞-=--∑ 1-=x t ∑∞=--11)1(n nn nt 1111lim 1lim lim1=+=+=∞→∞→+∞→nn n a a n n n n n1=R )1,1(-1-=t ∑∑∞=∞=--=--1111)1()1(n n n n n n 1=t ∑∞=--111)1(n n n ∑∞=--11)1(n nn nt ]1,1(-]2,0( 5 )(x f )(x f 0lim ()0n n R x →∞=)(x f)1()2()3()4()5( 8 2()12xf x x x=+-x ⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛+--=+-=x x x x x x f 2111131)21)(1()(+++++=-n x x x x2111)11(<<-x+-++-+-=+n n x x x x x )2(842121132⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛<<-2121x∑∞=-+=)2)1(1()(n n n nx x f ⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛<<-2121xn n 9 x x f ln )(=2-x2()ln[2(2)]ln 2ln 12x f x x -⎛⎫=+-=++⎪⎝⎭22-=x t )1ln(221ln t x +=⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-++-++-+-=-nn t nt t t t 1432)1(432t <-1(1) 2312322(2)(2)(1)(2)ln 12222322n nnx x x x x n -------⎛⎫+=-++++ ⎪⋅⋅⋅⎝⎭ x <0(≤)4+⋅--++-+---+=-n nn n x x x x x 2)2()1(2)2(312)2(21222ln ln 13322x <0(≤)4 10 ∑∞=+++12)2)(1(n n n n x1)3)(2()2)(1(lim=++++=∞→n n n n R n 1±=x ]1,1[-．∑∞=+++=12)2)(1()(n n n n x x S∑∞=++='111)(n n n x x S ∑∞==''1)(n nx x S∑∞=-=11n n x x x xxx S -=''1)()11(<<-x ⎰⎰---=-=''='-'x xx x x xxx x S S x S 00)1ln(d 1d )()0()()11(<<-x 0)0(='S )1ln()(x x x S ---=')11(<<-x⎰⎰---='=-x xx x x x x S S x S 0d )]1ln([d )()0()(⎰--+---=x x xx x x x 02d 1)1ln(2 )1ln()1(22x x x x --+-= )11(<<-x 0)0(='S)1ln()1(2)(2x x x x x S --+-= )11(<<-x11 ∑∞=+02!12n nx n n 0)1)(12(32lim !12)!1(32lim 2232=+++=+++∞→+∞→x n n n x n n xn n n n n n),(+∞-∞∑∞=+=2!12)(n nx n n x S2212200021()d d e !!!n nx x n x n n n n x x S x x x x x x n n n +∞∞∞===+====∑∑∑⎰⎰()2220()()d (e )e (12)x x x S x S x x x x ''===+⎰222021()e (12)!n x n n S x x x n ∞=+==+∑),(+∞-∞∈x )1(10)1)(2(2+++n n x n )2(11nx n n 2!12+1)3(106 )(x f )(x f )(x f )(x f )(x f [π,π]-n a n b ∑∞=++1)sin cos (2n n n nx b nx a a )(x f )(x f [π,π]-n a n b)(x f x )(x f )(x f )(x f 2)()()(-++=x f x f x f∑∞=++=1)sin cos (2)(n n n nx b nx a a x f )(x f12 +-+-=!6!4!21cos 642x x x x 13246357cos isin 1i 2!4!6!3!5!7!θθθθθθθθθ⎛⎫⎛⎫+=-+-++-+-+⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭23456i i 1i 2!3!4!5!6!θθθθθθ=+--++--，2i 1=-3i i =-4i 1=5i i =23456i (i )(i )(i )(i )(i )cos isin 1i e 2!3!4!5!6!θθθθθθθθθ+=+++++++=i cos isin e θθθ+=14 10年，每年向球300?假设存储30003000B p B 元． r t nntn r p B ⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛+=1ntn r B p ⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛+=1， re rt B p =e ertrt B p B -==．10300万元，第一次付款是在签约当%5113=(百万元)， 2205.013+=33205.13=10905.13=1029131 1.05333324.3211.05 1.05 1.051 1.05⎡⎤⎛⎫-⎢⎥⎪⎝⎭⎢⎥⎣⎦=++++=≈-， 2432300?%5 13= 20.053e-=)，30.0523(e )-=)，0.050.0520.05333e 3(e )3(e )---=++++，0.05ex -=0.05361.51e -=≈-(百万元)．（ √ ） )(x f )(x f 能展开成0x x -的幂级)(x f（ ⨯ ） )(x f )(x f 时，)(x f,0lim =∞→n n u ∑∞=1n nu收敛； （ ⨯ ）0lim =∞→n n u 正项级数∑∞=1n n u 0lim =∞→n n u ∑∞=11n n 01lim =∞→n n ∑∞=11n n(),11∑∞=-n n na ,0lim =∞→n n a ∑∞=-1)1(n n n a ⨯),2,1(1=≥+n u u n n∑∞=1n na0lim =∞→n n a 1lim1<+∞→n nn a a1lim1n n na a +→∞≤ 1lim 1>=+∞→λn n n a a1lim 1<=+∞→nn n a a q∑∞=+1)4(n n nx a2-=x 2=x4+=x t ∑∞=1n nn ta 2-=x 2=t ∑∞=1n nn ta 2-2(,2)∪(2,)-∞-+∞2=x 6=t ∑∞=+1)4(n n nx a∑∞=1n nn x1<x 1≤x11<≤-x 11≤<-x 11lim lim1=+=∞→+∞→n na a n nn n 1)1,1(-1=x ∑∞=11n n 1-=x ∑∞=-1)1(n n n )1,1[-∑∑∑∞=∞=∞=111,,n nn nn ncb a n n nc b a <<),2,1( =n∑∞=1n nb∑∞=1n na∑∞=1n nb∑∞=1n nc∑∞=1n na∑∞=1n nc∑∞=1n nb∑∞=1n na∑∞=1n nc∑∞=1n nb∑∞=1n na∑∞=1n nc∑∞=1n nb)(x f ∑∞=-100)()(!)(n n n x x n x f)(x f 0)(!)(lim 00)(=-∞→n n n x x n x f ∑∞=-100)()(!)(n n n x x n x f)(x f 0)(!)(lim00)(=-∞→n n n x x n x fe x = 212!!n x x x x n +++++∈R ；=x sin 35211(1)3!5!(21)!n n x x x x x n ---+-+-+∈-R ；=x cos 2421(1)2!4!(2)!nnx x x x n -+-+-+∈R ；=+)1ln(x ]1,1()1(32132-∈+-+-+-+x nx x x x nn ；mx )1(+=)1,1(!)1()1(!2)1(12-∈++--++-++x x n n m m m x m m mx n；∑∞=1n nnx aR ，则∑∞=12n n n x a 的收敛半径为R ；∑∞=1n nnx aR ，则∑∞=1n n n x a 的收敛区间为),(R R -．21nn n a x∞=∑R x <<20⇒R x R <<-，所以，∑∞=12n n n x a 的收敛R)(x f 2π[π,π]-的表达式为{1,π0,()1,0π,x x f x x x --≤<=+≤<则)(x f πx = 1π+ ．ππlim ()lim(1)1πx x f x x --→→=+=+， ππlim ()lim(12π)1πx x f x x ++→→=-+=+， πlim ()1π(π)(2ππ)(π)x f x f f f →=+=-=-= ，)(x f πx =)(x f πx =处收敛于(π)f =1π+ ．∑∞=+1)1(n nxn n 的收敛域与和函数；∑∞=+1)1(n nxn n =∑∞=-+11)1(n n nxn x=∑∞=++0)1)(2(n nxn n x，)(x s ∑∞=++0)1)(2(n nxn n 1-11)(x u 0()d x s x x ⎰00(2)(1)d x nn n n x x ∞=++∑⎰∑∞=++01)2(n n x n()d x u x x ⎰100(2)d x n n n x x ∞+=+∑⎰∑∞=+02n n xxx -12)(x u )1(2'-x x 22)1()1(2x x x x -+-22)1(2x x x -- )(x s ])(['x u ])1(2[22'--x x x 3)1(2x -∑∞=+1)1(n n x n n )(x xs 3)1(2x x- )1,1(-∈x ∑∞=-11n n nx∑∞=+1212n nn x)(x s ∑∞=-11n n nx()d x s x x ⎰101d x n n nx x ∞-=∑⎰∑∞=1n n x xx-1 )(x s )1('-xx2)1(1x -∑∞=-11n n nx 2)1(1x - )1,1(-∈x∑∞=+1212n n n x ∑∞=++112121n n n x x)(x u ∑∞=++11212n n n x='])([x u )12(112'+∑∞=+n n n x ∑∞=12n nx 221x x - )(x u 0()d x u x x '⎰220d 1xx x x -⎰201d 1x x x -⎰0d x x ⎰x x x --+11ln 21∑∞=+1212n n n x ∑∞=++112121n n n x x 111ln 21--+x xx xx f 1)(=3-x x x f 1)(=3)3(1+-x 331131-+⋅xx+11)1,1()1(12-∈+-+-+-x x x x nnx x f 1)(=331131-+⋅x 31]33)1()33(331[2 +⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛--+--+--nn x x x ∑∞=+--01)3(3)1(n nn n x )1,1(33-∈-x )6,0(∈xx sin π6x +x sin ππsin[()]66x +-3π1πsin()cos()2626x x +-+ )6sin(π+x 35211πππ()()()π666()(1)63!5!(21)!n n x x x x x n --++++-+-+-+∈-R ，πcos()6x +242πππ()()()6661(1)2!4!(2)!nnx x x x n +++-+-+-+∈R ，x sin 3π1πsin()cos()2626x x +-+ 234πππ()()()13π131666()22622!23!24!x x x x +++-+++⋅--⋅+22111ππ()()1366(1)(1)2(2)!2(21)!n n n n x x x n n ---+++-⋅+-⋅+∈-R ．{0,()π,f x x =-π0,0π,x x -≤<≤<将)(x f 在[π,π]-上展成傅里叶级数，傅叶级数在0=x0a ππ1()d πf x x -⎰π01(π)d πx x -⎰2π011(π)π2x x -π2n a ππ1()cos d πf x nx x -⎰π01(π)cos d πx nx x -⎰π1(π)d(sin )πx nx n -⎰π01(π)sin πx nx n -π01sin d πnx x n ⎰π021cos πnx n -20,21,2,2,πn k n k n =-⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩ n b ππ1()sin d πf x nx x -⎰π01(π)sin d πx nx x -⎰π01(π)d(cos )πx nx n --⎰π01(π)cos πx nx n -π01cos d πnx x n ⎰0cos 1n n1 )(x f)(x f π421211[cos(21)sin(21)sin 2](21)π212k k x k x kx k k k ∞=-+-+--∑ )(lim 0x f x +→0lim(π)x x +→-π)(lim 0x f x -→ 0=x π2∑∞=-211n n n11-n n 1)1(1--n n 23)1(1-n∑∞=-223)1(1n n ∑∞=1231n n312p =>p ∑∞=-211n n n11πtan 2n n n ∞+=∑nn n a aq 1lim +∞→=21π(1)tan2limπtan 2n n n n n +→∞++⋅⋅21π(1)2limπ2n n n n n +→∞++⋅⋅n n n 21lim +∞→2111πtan2n n n ∞+=∑∑∞=+-111)1(n nnn n u ∞→lim 11lim+∞→n n1+n u 21+n 11+n n u∑∞=+-111)1(n nn1000 n B ∞→n%)51(10001+⨯=a n %)51(%)51(10001+++⨯=-n n a a1221223323211211000(15%)(15%),(15%)1000(15%)(15%),(15%)1000(15%)(15%),(15%)1000(15%)(15%),n n n n n n n n n a a a a a a a a --------=⨯+++⎧⎪+=⨯+++⎪+=⨯+++⎨⎪⎪+=⨯+++⎩n a 1112%)51(]%)51(%)51(%)51[(1000--++++++++⨯n n an n %)51(1000%)51(1]%)51(1%)[51(10001+⨯++-+-+⨯- ]1%)51(-+nn n a ∞→lim ∞，n B ]1%)51(-+n元，当∞→n。