有机结构一、常见有机物结构式 (1)1．烷 .................................................................................................................................................................. 1 2．环烷 .............................................................................................................................................................. 2 3．烯 .................................................................................................................................................................. 2 4．炔 .................................................................................................................................................................. 2 5．二烯 .............................................................................................................................................................. 2 6．芳香物 .......................................................................................................................................................... 2 7．醇 .................................................................................................................................................................. 3 8．酚 .................................................................................................................................................................. 3 9．醛 .................................................................................................................................................................. 3 10．酮 ................................................................................................................................................................ 3 11．羧酸 ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 12．酯 ................................................................................................................................................................ 4 13．糖 ................................................................................................................................................................ 4 14．氨基酸 ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 15．其它 ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 二、聚合反应 .. (4)1．单烯加聚 ...................................................................................................................................................... 4 2．二烯加聚 ...................................................................................................................................................... 5 3．缩聚 .. (5)一、常见有机物结构式1．烷C HHH HC H H H C H H H C HHH C HH HC H C H H HH H C H C H H H H H C H H C H C H H H H H C H H C H HCH 3CHCH 33 C CH 3CH 2CH 3CH 3CH 3CH CH 3CH CH 3CHCC H H Cl Cl Cl C HHCl2．环烷CH 2CH 2CH 2CH 2CH 2CH 2CH 2 CH 2CH 2CH 2CH 2CH 2CH 2CH 2CH 2CH 2CH 2CH 23．烯乙烯：C HHC HHCC H HH HC CH H HH120C CH HCH 3CH 3C CH H CH 3CH 3C CH HCH 3CH 34．炔C HCHCH 180︒5．二烯CH 2CH C CH 2CH 36．芳香物C C C C C C H H H HH H 120︒ H CH CH CH CH CH CH或或CH 3CH 3CH 3CH 3CH 3CH 3CH 3CH 3CH 3CH CH 2CH CH 2CCHC CHCl Br NO2SO3H NO2O2NNO2CH37．醇CH2CH2OH OHHOCH2HOCH2CH2CH2CHOH OH OHCH2CH2CHOHOHOHCH2CH2CHHOHOHOCH2CH2CHO NO2O NO2O NO2 OHOHCH2OHCH2OH8．酚OHOHOHONaONa O OHCH3OHC H3OHCH3BrBrBrOHNO2O2NNO2OHHOH9．醛R C HOH C HOH C HOC HOCOCH3C HOCHHHC HO CHO C HOC C HOHO CHOCHO10．酮COR C RO′CH3C CH3O11．羧酸C O O H H C OH O H C ONa O CH 3C OH O C C OH O HO O COOHCOOHCH 3CH 3CCO OO(乙酸酐) COOHC OH O12．酯RCOR O′ R C O O ′RC O O COOC 2H 5COOC 2H 5CH 3COOCH 2CH 3COOCH 2O NO 2CH 2CH O NO 2O NO 2CH 2 C 17H 35COOCH 2C 17H 352C 17H 35COOCH R 1COOCH 2R 3COOCH 2R 2COOCH 三硝酸甘油酯 C O C H C H HO H H O N N N O OO O O O13．糖CH 2OH CH OH CH OH CH OH CH OHCHO OH OH CH 2CH OH CH OH CH C O OH CH 214．氨基酸CH NH 2R COOH HOOCCH 2CH 2CHCOONa NH 2CH 2COOH NH 215．其它CO(NH 2)2：H C O H N N H H ； 硝基甲烷C H H HN O二、聚合反应1．单烯加聚 n CH 2=CH 2CH CH 2CH 2n CH CH 2CH 3CH CH CH 3 CH 2CH 3n CH CH2CHCH 2nCHCH 2CH CHCH CH 2Cln CH 2CHCNCH 2CH CNnCNCH 2CHn CH 2CCH 3COOCH 2CH 2OH2C(CH 3COOCH 2CH 2OHCH 2C(CH 3)COOCH 2CH 2OHn C C cda b C a b C cd n R C a b C c dn C C c d a b ＋n C C qm n C a b C c C d C m n pq n C a C c C C m n p qn CH 2=CH 2＋n CH CH 2CH3CH CH CH 32CH 22．二烯加聚n CH 2=CH —CH =CH2CHCH CHn CH 2CH C CH 2CH 3CH 2CH C CH 2CH 3n3．缩聚n CH 3CHCOOHOHO C HCOH CH 3OH n ＋(n －1)H 2On C C OH O OHO ＋n HOCH 2CH 2OCH 2CH 2O C COH O OHn＋(2n －1)H 2On OH ＋n 2n (酚醛树脂)。