= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
(错) Harry has got married for six years.
= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
（1）延续性动词：be，have，know，live， work， study，learn，teach，speak，talk，draw， wait，wear， walk，sleep等，这些动词可以和表示一段时间的状语 连用。例如：
Uncle Wang has worked in this factory for ten years．王伯伯在这家工厂工作十年了。
有时无时间状语，有时和一些表示不确定的过去时间
状语连用，如：many time，just，yet，ever，never，
already，before，so far,by now等连用。already，just
多用于肯定句中，yet，ever，never多用于疑问句和
否定句中。
如： ① I have
如： ① -- It’s so dark. --Someone has turned off the light.
(有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑) ② -- Are you free?
--I have finished my homework. I am free (我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很 有空）
一、用for和since填空。 _____three hours _____three o’clock _____two days _____yesterday afternoon _____I came here _____last Sunday
_____a week _____a long time _____1997 _____two weeks _____three years ago _____last month
形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是[ri:d]-[red][red]。
3
时态重难点
• 时态含义 • 一瞬间动词
• 时态含义 • 二句型区别
现在完成时
( present perfect tense)
past
now
future
1.表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或 结果。
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
典型例题答案 1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的 模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发 生的动作，因此用现在完成时。
现在完成时态
目录
CONTENTS
01 时态分析
02 完成时态基本功
03 完成时态重难点 04 教学工作总结
1
时态分析
• 六大时态
初中阶段需要熟练掌握的六种时态
时 态
一般
现在
过去
将来
过去将来
一般现在时态
一般过去时态 一般将来时态
进行
现在进行时态
过去进行时态
完成
现在完成时态
完成进行
2
时态基本常识
I have known him since he was a boy． 我从他还是个孩子的时候就认识他了。 He has been a teacher since 2000. 他从2000年就开始当老师了。
---I'm sorry to keep you waiting. ---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。 I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。) I have worked here for many years. (现在我仍在这里工作。)
since 的四种用法 1) since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、 1980, last month, half past six)。
二、选择
1.They’ve known each other since_______. A.1995 B. three years
2.I’ve been interested in Chinese for______. A. last year B. one year
3. She has been a doctor for______. A. two years B.two years ago
（2）非延续性动词：come，go，arrive， reach， see，hear，close，leave，begin，start，lose， buy， fall，join，die等，这些动词可用于完成时态，说明某 个动作的结果还存在，但不能和表示一段时间的状语 连用。例如： 【正】The play has begun . 戏开演了。（戏正在演着）
动词的过去分词的规则变化，在动词后加ed，规则变化 有以下四种： ①原形+ed 如：worked, passed ②词尾是e时，直接加d 如：liked lived ③若词尾为“辅音字母加y”，则改y为i加ed；词尾 为 “元音字母+y”时，直接加d。 如: played stayed studied cried
3．现在完成时的否定句式是： “have（has）+not＋过去分词”
如： ⑥ We haven‘t studied Unit 2 yet． 我们还没学习第二单元。
⑦ The train hasn‘t stopped yet． 火车还没有停下来。
注意：1）现在完成时的否定句句末往往加yet。 2）否定句常译为“还没有……”等。
• 基本句式 • 否定句式
• 一般疑问句式 • 过去分词的变化规则
1．现在完成时的基本句式是 “have（has）＋过去分词”。
如： ① I have seen that film． 我已经看过那部影片了。
② We have just finished our homework． 我们刚刚做完家庭作业.
④末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节是，双写 最后一个辅音字母加ed. 如： stopped dropped
动词的过去分词的不规则变化 • 一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相
同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。 • 如：put-put-put，set-set-set，rid-rid-rid • 特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原
显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago.或 Harry has been married for six years.
4.have been to/have gone to/have been in 的区别 1. have been to 意思是“到过，去过”表示曾经到过某 处，但现在人不在那儿。后可以接次数once，twice，也 可和just，never，ever连用。
4. I’ve had a headache since_______. A. I got up this morning B. five hours
5. We’ve been here for______. A. one hour B. one o’clock
3．延续性动词与非延续性动词在现在完成时中的使 用。
I have been here since 1989. 2) since +一段时间+ ago
I have been here since five months ago.
3) since +从句 Great changes have taken place since you left. Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here. 4) It is +一段时间+ since从句 It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.
Eg：Has she ever been to Nanjing? I have been to Shenzhen three times.
2. have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已经去了 某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。说 话该人不在现场，一般不用第一、二人称做主语。
【误】The play has begun for half an hour． 【正】 The play has been on for half an hour. 戏开演半 小时了。
小窍门：当现在完成时+一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公 式转化，很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。
(对) Tom has studied Russian for three years.
---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be 答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用 现在完成时。