5 Why Tool 5个为什么
5 Why
• Ask “why” to understand problems 通过问”为什么来理解问题
• Ask “why” at least 5 times. 至少问5次”为什么” • Ask as many “whys” as you can, then go 1 more
尽量多问几次”为什么”
• Verify that the “whys” are true 验证这些”为什么”是正确的 • Gather data, go and see.收集现场收集数据 • Try to turn the problem on and off 试着还原并解决问题
Why? Why? Why? …..
为什么?为什么?为什么 …..
Problem Solving (SQ and Supplier Support - Private
Example: 例子
5 Why
Problem: 问题： Printer always displays “Failure”. Why ? 打印机总显示“失败”，为什么？ Jam in feeder. Why ? 进纸处卡纸，为什么？ Multiple sheets were drawn-in at the same time. Why ? 同时进多张纸，为什么？ Sheets were inserted incorrectly (“Dog-ears”). Why ? 纸张放入错误（褶角） ，为什么？ The feeder is difficult to reach. Why ? 进纸口很难碰到，为什么？ The printer is too close to the wall. 打印机离墙太近
Corrective Actions 选择并实行纠正措施
• How was the occurrence fixed?怎样处理这一事件? • How was the non-detection fixed?怎样解决检查中的疏漏
Install permanent fixes! 实现永久性的解决!
Problem Solving (SQ and Supplier Support - Private
• “Go and See” approach 去现场观察
• Compare OK and NOT OK conditions比较 “OK” 和 “NOT OK” 的情况
• “A well defined problem is 50% solved.”当一个问题有了很好的定义，那该 问题就已经解决了一半
Who, What, Where, When and How Many 谁,什么,哪里,何时,多少
Problem Solving (SQ and Supplier Support - Private
3 Implement
8D Problem Solving, Autoliv Standard AS63
• Validated to ensure effective确保有效
• Verified by management 管理层审核
No bad parts to the customer!!!
不向客户递送不合格品!!!
Problem Solving (SQ and Supplier Suppeople! 去找正确的人!
2 Describe
the Problem
描述问题
8D Problem Solving, Autoliv Standard AS63
• Use Data 使用数据
• Pictures/sketches of Desired and Actual conditions实际与期望情况下的照 片和草图
What are Problems? 什么是问题?
Problems are gaps between the actual condition and the desired condition.
问题是现实与期望的差距
Gap = Problem
实际情况
Problem Solving (SQ and Supplier Support - Private
教程教授给您的下属。
Problem Solving (SQ and Supplier Support - Private
Method, Process – How we do work? 方法,过程-我们如何工作？ Input + Method = Output 输入 + 方法 = 输出
• You own your “method”!!! 你拥有属于自己的“方法”!!! • “Method” differentiates the output. “方法”区分了输出
7 Prevent Reoccurence 预防再次发生
8 Congratulate the team 团队庆祝
1 Form a team
组建团队
8D Problem Solving, Autoliv Standard AS63
Problem Solving (SQ and Supplier Support - Private
质量第一 Quality first
质量保证
Quality assurance
质量方法
Quality methods
六西格玛
Six Sigma
5S
标准化
消除浪费
全员生产性维护
5S
Standards Muda elimination
TPM
Problem Solving (SQ and Supplier Support - Private
安全&人机工程学 Safety & Ergonomy
柔性&激励 Flexibility & Motivation
训练到标准化 Discipline to standards
持续改进 Continuous improvement
过程&结果 Process & Result
不要批评，不要指责 Don’t judge, don’t blame !
期望情况
Method of Problem Solving
问题解决的方法
1 Form a team 组建团队
2 Describe the Problem 描述问题
3 Implement Containment Actions 实行“围堵”行动
4 Identify Root Causes 定义根本原因
Input + Method = Output 输入 + 方法 = 输出
Problem Solving (SQ and Supplier Support - Private
及时化 Just in time
平准化&能力 Leveling & Capacity
连续流 Continuous flow
拉动系统 Pull system
Problem Solving (SQ and Supplier Support - Private
Method, Process – How we do work? 方法,过程-我们如何工作？
Method of doing work is a Competitive Advantage
工作的方法是强有力的竞争优势
6 Evaluate Result
评估结果
8D Problem Solving, Autoliv Standard AS63
• Is the problem solved?问题解决了吗 • Show me the data!给我看数据 • Time or sample size.时间或样品尺寸
Confirm the problem is eliminated! 确定问题已经排除!
Find the true cause! 找到真正的原因！
Tools工具:
•Observation - Watch the process 观察-关注流程 •5 Why 5个为什么 •现场再现 •Fish鱼骨图 •Go and See 去现场 •More…其他…
Problem Solving (SQ and Supplier Support - Private
差距=问题
期望情况
Problem Solving问题解决
= Gap = Problem
实际情况
8D Problem Solving Method
8D问题解决方法
期望情况
实际情况
Problem Solving (SQ and Supplier Support - Private
= Gap = Problem
Tomorrow !!明年!! One year from now !!!从现在起的一年!!!
Never repeat a problem. 不让问题重现
Problem Solving (SQ and Supplier Support - Private
8 Congratulate the
team 团队庆祝
节拍时间 Takt time
高频次交货 Frequent deliveries
生产线概念 Line concepts
团队合作 Team work
盈利能力 Profitability 竞争能力 Competitiveness
满意度 Satisfaction
员工参与 Employee involvement
Training Module 8D Problem Solving
培训教程 8D 问题解决
PRIVATE
Why are we here? 为什么我们在这里？