定语从句一.定义：定语：定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词或代词。
定语从句：用来修饰主句中一个词或词组的句子，称为定语从句。
要素：先行词（主句中被修饰的词）；关系代词副词（从句的引导词）考纲要求：对于定语从句要求掌握以下内容：1. 引导限制性定语从句的关系词2. 引导非限制性定语从句的关系词3. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别4. 介词+关系代词用法5. 不定代词数词+of which / wh引|r导的非限制性定语从句及其结构与并列句的判断6. 关系词间的转换及选用认识: Handsome boys = the boys who are handsomeBeautiful flowers = the flowers which are beautiful二.限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句：这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不可用逗号分开。
限制性定语从句常由that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why,a引导。
（一）关系词：关系代词和关系副词1. 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词:that, who, whom, which, whose用法：（1）.限制性定语从句中只能用that不用which的情况:a. 先行词为不定代词everything, anything, nothing ,something , all, much, little, none, few, some 等不定代词修饰时用that。
He did everything that he could to help us.There is little that I can do for you.b. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时用that。
This is the best book that I 've ever read.This is the first thing that I want to say.c. 当先行词是one of, the one, 或者先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the same, the last, few, jus等修饰时用that。
It is the one that you want.All the things that we can do is to give you some advice.It is the only thing that I like to do.d. 当先行词包含了指人和物两方面的含义时用that。
They talked about the things and persons that they knew in the school.e. 在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中，用that Who is the man that spoke to you at the gate? Which is the star that is nearest to the earth?f. 先行词是主句的表语且关系代词在从句中作表语时用that。
He is not the boy that he used to be.China is no longer the country that it used to be.(2) .限制性定语从句中只用which不用that的情况：a. 在非限制性定语从句中She didn 't pass the exam, which made her sad.b. 关系代词前有介词时This is the room in which Lu Xun lived.c. 先行词本身是thatThe clock is that which tells the time.（3）. 限制性定语从句中只用who 不用that 的情况：a. 当先行词是指人的those, anyone, every one, people, he, all, one, few等不定代词时，引导词用who 而不用that.I am willing to help those who are in trouble.b. 在there be句型中，先行词指人，关系词用whoThere is an old man who says he is your uncle.练习一.（一）用定语从句将两个分句连接起来1. The eggs were not fresh. I bought them yesterday.2. The friend was not hungry. He came to supper last night.3. He likes the cheese. It comes from his parent 's farm.4. The noodles were delicious. You cooked them.5. I don 't like the people. They smolkoet. a（二）用适当的关系代词填空1. The girls ______ served in the shop were the owner's daughters.2. The ladder on _______ I am standing was bought in the supermarket.3．The girl _____________________ I spoke to was a student.4．He hides all the people and things ________ he knows.5．He saw a house _______ windows were all broken.6．All the apples _______ fall are eaten by wild bears.7．Can you think of anyone _______ c ould look after him?8．This is the best restaurant _______ I have known.9 . He showed a machine ________ parts are too small to be seen.10. You can take any room _______ you like.翻译：1. 所需要的只是一张纸和一支笔.2. 我发现那些围在我身边的孩子们在争吵.3. 我决定接受那位独自居住的老奶奶的帮助.4. 我相信这正就是可以让AK爸爸开心的生日礼物.5. AK总是买她同学喜欢喝的旺仔牛奶.2.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词：when, where, why注意：当先行词虽然表示时间、地点或原因，而关系词在从句中作主语、宾语而不是状语时，不可用when, where 或why,而应该用that或which。
区别如下：1.1 ' II never forget the days when we worked together.2. I ' ll never forget the days which / that we spegether. （spend 是及物动词，后接宾语）3. I went to the town where I lived ten years ago.4. I went to the place which / that I visited ten years ago.（visit 是及物动词，后接宾语）5. This is the reason why he was late.6. This is the reason which/ that he gave.（giv是及物动词，后接宾语）考点三：the way用做先行词the way做先行词时，先看后面定语从句中是否缺少主语或宾语：缺少主语或宾语：引导词用that / which /不填（缺宾语时）主语宾语都不缺：引导词用that / in which /不填1. The way that/in which/不填he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.2. The way that / which / 不填he explained to us was quite simple.练习（一）选择题1. After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town ___ he grew up as a child.A. whichB. whereC. thatD. whe n2. He made ano ther won derful discovery __ of great importa nee of scie nee.A. which I thi nk isB. which I thi nk it isC. which I think itD. I thi nk which3. The hours _____ the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affect their relationships with real-life people.A. thatB. whenC. in whichD. on which4. Finally, the thief handed everything ____ he had stolen to the police.A. whichB. whatC. whateverD. that5. In the dark street, there wasn ingle pe'rstoan s ___ she could turn for help.A. thatB. whoC. from whomD. to whom6. Is this the factory ___ you visited the other day?A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. the one7. Is this factory ____ some foreign friends visited last Friday?A. thatB. whereC. whichD. the one8. Is this the plane ____ he came to New York?A. whichB. by whichC. thatD. in which9. The day I had been looking forward ____ at last.A. to comeB. cameC. to comingD. will come10. He is the only one of the teachers who _______ French in our school.A. knowB. knowsC. that knowD. to know （一）用定语从句完成句子1. The supermarket is near my home. My father is working in it.2. There is a big department store. You can buy a lot of things from it.3. The day was Wednesday. She arrived on this day.4. Do you know the reason? She left for this reason.5. This is the novel. They are talking about the novel.精品文档6. The tall boy is my former schoolmate. I was talking to him just now.7. This is the book. You are looking for the book.7. This is the language points. You have to go over them.四.非限制性定语从句：认识：The old man has a son who is a doctor.The old man has a son ,who is a doctor.(1) 限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切,从句是整个句子不可缺少的部分。