小升初名词专项一、定义名词是表示人或事物名称的词。

它既可以表示具体的东西，也可以是表示抽象的东西二、分类一•名词分类专有名词个体名词可数名词（普通名词所表示的普通名词集体名词人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词）物质名词不可数名词（普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，抽象名词事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。

）二、名词的数不可数名词没有复数形式。

可数名词有单数和复数之分，单数变复数形式变化规则如下：1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s。

如：（书）book —books （钢笔）pen —pens （房子）house —houses （天，日子）day —days 2.以s, ch, sh, x结尾的名词，在词尾加-es。

如：（公交车）bus —buses （玻璃）glass —glasses（手表）watch —watches （盘，碟）dish —dishes （盒子）box —boxes3.以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es。

如：（城市）city —cities （身子，身体）body —bodies（工厂）factory —factories等等。

（典型例子：“元音字母+y”的名词直接+s boy —boys） 4.以 f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f 或fe 改为v 再力卩-es 。

如：half —halves leaf —leaves knife —knives wife —wives 5.以o 结尾的名词分两种情况a.有生命的：+es如：（土豆有生命）potato —potatoes （西红柿有生命）tomato —tomatoes b 无生命的：+s女口：（照片无生命）photo —photos （钢琴无生命）piano —piano1.名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词女口：John is a student stude nt是普通名词，Joh n是专有名词普通名词前可以用不定冠词a/an,定冠词the或不加冠词，专有名词前一般不加冠词，专有名词的首字母要大写。

2. 普通名词又可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词，其中个体名词与集体名词是可数名词，物质名词和抽象名称是不可数名词。

3. 专有名词专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词，多为独一无二的事物。

名词复数的构成法一.写出下列各单词的复数形式1. glass _________2. family _____________3. wolf ___________4. country __________5. ____________ radio __________________6. photo ____________7. fox __________8.fridge9.bus __________ 10. box ____________ 11.watch ____________ 12.brush ___________13.policeman ________ 14.farm ________ 15.fish _______________ 16.sandwich ___________17. apple __________ 18.foot __________ 19.ruler _____________ 20.tooth __________二•画横线，选出下列正确的单词或词组。

1. Do you drink much ( milk ，milks )？2. I visited ( Jim , Jim ' S house yesterday.3. This is ( Tom and Mary ' ,s Tom' s and Mary )' house.4. He had two ( cup , cups ) of tea.5. Those ( books , book ) are on the desk.6. Look at this ( boy , boys ).7. That ( dogs , dog ) is mine .8. Would you like some ( bananas , banana ) ?9. The sperm whale has 50 ( tooth , teeth ).10. These ( shoes , shoe ) are very nice.三.选择填空。

( )1. This is _______ room .A . Jack and LucyB . Jack and Lucy ' s C. Jack ' s and Lucy D .s Jack ' s and Lucy()2. She is a good .A . student B. stude nts C . boy D. boys()3. I want twoA. pencil -box B .pencil -boxes C . pencils -box D . pencils -boxes()4. How many do you have ?A . friendB . friendsC . frien desD . friend ' s()5. These are Judy '. sA . fishB . fishesC . fishsD . fish ' s()6. Look at those .A . childB . childsC . childre nD . childre ns()7. He has two big .A . eyeB . eyes C. eyees D. eye ' s()8 . He is Jeff _ sA . brothersB . brotherC . brotheresD . brother ' s()9. —is this pen ?—It ' s Wang Fang ' sA. Who' s B . Whose C . Where D . Which()10. birthday is September 5 th.A. Her motherB. her mother 'sC. Her mothers 'D. Her mother ' s四.将下列表示单数的句子改成复数的句子。

1. This is a boy . _____________________________________________2. Do you have a new rubber ? ____________________________________________3. There is one apple in my hand . __________________________________________4. That is her watch . ______________________________________________5. She has a camera and umbrella. _______________________6. There is a plane in the sky . __________________________________________五.圈出句子中的错误并改正。

1. I don 'lik t orange juices . It is sour.()2. There is an old books in my bag .()3. Bananas is my favorite fruit .()4 . They go to school on feet .()5 . There are many photoes of my family .()六.连词成句。

七.阅读理解。

Tom is seven. He goes to school every day . The school is near his home，so he goes there on foot and comes back home on time (按时).But today he is late . His mother asks him “ Why are you late today“ I am in the headmaster (校长办c公室). ”“ Why do you go to the headmaster ? ' s office“ Because my teacher asks us a question in the class Nobody (没人) can answer it , but I can . ”"It is good to answer the teacher . ” s question“ But the question is who puts ink on my chair. ”根据短文内容，回答问题。

1. Is Tom ' s home fao m his school ?2. How does he go to school ?3. Does Tom ofte n come back home late ?4. Only Tom can answer the question , can ' t he5. Is it good for Tom to do it ?（1）.名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，不可数名词没有单复数，一律看作单数。

例如：food, meat, bread, tea, water,milk, ink, oran ge, drink, rice, fish 等。

（2）.可数名词的单数前什么时候用a,什么时候用an?答：以元音音标（或音素）开头的用an,以辅音音标（或音素）开头的用a。

注意：我们看的是音标（或音素），而不是元音字母。

1＞选择a或an或者不填（用/来表示）_______ pen _________ b ag ______ apple ________ big apple1＞一般在词尾加 s ,如：books ， bags, fruits 。

力口 s 之后的读音规则: ① 清清浊浊，即清辅音后读清辅音 [s]，如books [buks] ② 浊辅音后读浊辅音 [z]，女口 bags [bAgz] ③ 元音音标后面读[z]，如boys [bRiz] ④ t 后读[ts],d 后读[dz]女口： cats[kAts] birds[bE:dz] 请写出下列名词复数加 s 后的读音: box ----- boxes [5bRksiz]盒子 watch ----- w atches [5wRtFiz]手表 brush ----- b rushes [5brQFiz]刷子 写出下列名词的复数并写出所加 s 或es 后的音标。