红楼梦饮食文化之菜名研究
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例3:那一年腊月初七日,老耗子升座议事,因说:‘明 日乃是腊八,世上人都熬腊八粥……’(第19回) 杨译: One year on the seventh day of the twelfth moon, the Rat Patriarch ascended his throne to hold a council. He announced, ‘Tomorrow is the Feast of Winter Gruel when all men on earth will be cooking their sweet gruel……’
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《红楼梦》饮食文化之菜名英译方法及分析1:
1) 用关键词表明菜名中的主要成分。 例1表明菜名“栗糕”在源语和目标语文化中的差 异很小。在这种情况下,通过菜名概念意义的直 译法来翻译,无论在源语和目标语接受者的大脑 里都能产生类似的关联,从而达到功能对等。菜 名的主要成分是翻译的重点,最好采用异化策略 与直译法,以“主要成分加上次要成分”的翻译 模式,在翻译时用关键词来突出菜名的主要成分。
霍译: Aroma fetched two little boxes of lacquer and bamboo basketwork and taking the tops off them, put foxnuts and caltrops in one and a saucerful of chestnut fudge (made of chestnut puree steam-cooked with cassia-flavored sugar) in the other.
霍译: The other cousins joined them shortly after. Bao-yu kept telling everyone how hungry he felt and grumbling because the servants were so long in serving. When the food at last arrived, the first dish to be put on the table was unborn lamb stewed in milk.
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23 kinds of dishes in Hong Lou Meng
火腿炖肘子 火腿鲜笋汤 糟鹅掌鸭信 野鸡崽子汤 鸽子蛋
酒酿清蒸鸭子
燕窝
油盐炒枸杞芽儿 牛奶茯苓霜 豆腐皮的包子 鹌鹑
野鸡瓜子
板栗烧野鸡 美味茄鲞 风腌果子狸 瓜仁油松瓤月饼 冰糖燕窝粥 笼蒸螃蟹
鸡髓笋
奶油松瓤卷酥
胭脂鹅脯
鸡皮虾丸 汤
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例2:一时众姊妹来齐,宝玉只嚷饿了,连连催饭。好容 易等摆上来,头一样菜便是牛乳蒸羊羔。(第49回, P1398)
杨译: Soon all the girls arrived and Baoyu set up a clamour, urging them to hurry breakfast because he was hungry. When finally the tables were laid, however, the first dish was a lamb embryo steamed in milk. (P1399)
霍译: ‘Now in the Cave of Lin there lived a tribe of magic mice, and one year, on the seventh day of the last month, the Oldest Mouse climbed up on to his throne and sat in council with the rest of the tribe.
《三国演义》中的饮食文化 :“杀气”;
《水浒传》中的饮食文化 :“绿林气”; 《西游记》中的饮食文化 :“仙气”; 《金瓶梅》中的饮食文化 :“淫邪气”; 《儒林外史》中的饮食文化 :“穷酸气”; 《红楼梦》中的饮食文化:“富贵气”。
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中国文化“百科全书”《红楼梦》中描写到的饮 食文化中仅仅食物就多达186种,可分为主食、小 吃、菜肴、调味品、饮料、水果、补品、外国食 品、盥沐用品九大类。
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Example 1: “牛乳蒸羊羔”(Chapter 49) The Yangs: “lamb embryo steamed in milk” Hawkes: “unborn lamb stewed in milk”.
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《红楼梦》饮食文化之菜名英译方法及分析2:
2) 用修饰语强调烹调方法。 例1、例2表明了菜名的烹调方法。中国菜有多种 烹调方法,如炖,焖,烧,烤,炒,炸,蒸和腌 等。具体翻译模式为“主要成分加上烹调方法再 加次要成分”或“烹调方法加主要成分再加次要 成分”。可用相应的动词过去分词形式作前置修 饰定语,也可用动词过去分词短语(VPP)作后 置修饰定语。这种翻译不仅能说明是什么菜,而 且能说明这道菜的做法,有利于目标语读者实现 相同联想。
烤鹿 肉
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《红楼梦》饮食文化之菜名英译比较 我们将讨论六个典型菜名的英译,即桂花糖蒸新 栗粉糕、牛乳蒸羊羔、腊八粥、螃蟹小饺、奶子 糖粳米粥和茄鲞。并把这六个菜名分为三类,即: 菜名表示主要成份,菜名揭示文化内涵和菜名表 明饮食功能三类。
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例1:袭人听说,便端过两个小掐丝盒子来。先揭 开一个,里面装的是红菱和鸡头两样鲜果,又拿 一个,是一碟子桂花糖蒸新栗粉糕。(第37回, P1034)
杨译: Xiren d up two small woven bamboo hampers. The first she opened contained fresh caltrops and euryale seeds; the second, powdered chestnut cake sweetened with osmanthus.(P1035)