八年级阅读素养竞赛满分：100分时间：120分钟一语法选择（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）Have you ever felt uncomfortable? Many of __1___ feel uneasy when someone stands too close __2__ us, talks to us too __3__ or makes eye contact with us for too long. But have you ever wondered why those things make you uncomfortable?It’s all about personal peace, which means not only __4__ imaginary space around the body, but also the space around all the ___5___. People feel that their space is being violated(侵犯) when they meet with an unwelcome sound, smell or look. This is probably why a man on a crowded bus shouting into his mobile phone or a woman next to you putting on strong perfume(香水) makes you feel __6___.___7___ people have had a stronger wish to protect their personal space or not in recent times is hard to say. Yet studies of airlines show that people have a strong desire(渴望) to have space to ___8___. In a survey by TripAdvisor, a travel website, people said that if they ___9___ pay more for some extra service, they would rather have larger seats than extra food.Although people may need their personal space, some hardly realize it. For example, people on a bus who hold newspapers __10__their faces to read in fact keep a distance from strangers.Go and watch a library table. You will notice __11__ one of the corner seats will usually __12__ first, because they are the farthest way. What if someone __13__ opposite to you? Maybe you will pile up books as if to make a wall.Preference(偏好) for personal space are different from culture to culture. Scientists have found that Americans generally prefer more personal space than people from __14__ cultures. In Latin(拉丁人的) cultures, __15__, people are more comfortable standing near each other.1. A. we B. us C. our D. ours2. A. with B. in C. to D. at3. A. loudness B. louder C. loudly D. loudest4. A. a B. an C. the D. /5. A. sense B. senses C. sensing D. sensings6. A. anger B. angry C. angers D. angrily7. A. Whether B. What C. That D. Which8. A. them B. their C. themselves D. they9. A. has to B. have to C. had to D. having to10. A. in the front B. in frontC. in the front ofD. in front of11. A. that B. what C. where D. if12. A. be taken B. be taking C. take D. takes13. A. sat B. sit C. sits D. will sit14. A. another B. others C. other D.the others15. A. but B. however C. either D. although二、完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、和D项中，选出最佳选项。

Last summer I was a volunteer at a shelter for the homeless, a place for homeless people to sleep at night. I wasn’t working that summer and was 16 only two classes in summer school, so I had some free time.Three nights a week, I 17 in the kitchen of the shelter along with other four volunteers. We planned and 18 hot meals of vegetables, chicken, fish and fruit for 45 people. The homeless people 19 this good food because many of the m usually don’t eat well. They were very grateful.I 20 this volunteer work very much and made 21 with the four volunteers in the kitchen. One was a very nice elderly housewife, one a movie actor, another a young teacher, and the other a college student, like me.I talked to a lot of the homeless people at the shelter. Their life stories 22 me with sympathy. Some of them had 23 with alcohol or drugs while others only had bad luck. One woman worked for almost 30 years for a small company, and then she lost her 24 . She looked for a 25 job, but couldn’t find one, as she was too 26 . She could do nothing but sell her furniture — sofas, chairs, and tables so that she could pay for her 27 .The woman 28 on job hunting, but she still couldn’t find one. She had no money for her 29 and had to sleep in her car. Then she had to sell her car. Alone, 30 , and homeless, she finally came to the shelter.16. A. studying B. planning C. holding D. taking17. A. helped B. waited C. appeared D. washed18. A. ordered B. bought C. cooked D. finished19. A. hated B. needed C. collected D. bought20. A. wanted B. had C. owned D. enjoyed21. A. decisions B. wishes C. friends D. changes22. A. struck B. filled C. seized D. provided23. A. habits B. worries C. fears D.problems24. A. bag B. job C. home D. money25. A. good B. fresh C. skilled D. new26. A. old B. poor C. sick D. dull27. A. company B. friends C. food D. furniture28. A. went B. moved C. came D. worked29. A. block B. cottage C. building D. flat30. A. afraid B. shy C. shocked D. mad三阅读理解（30题，每题2分，总共60分）(A)People often say that the Englishman’s home is his castle. They mean that the home is very important and personal to him. Most people in Britain live in houses rather than flats, and many people own their homes. This means that they can make them individual(个体的),they can paint them, change them in any way they like. Most houses have a garden, even if it is a very small one, and the private(私人的) space of individual.People usually like to mark their space. Are you sitting now in your home or on a train? Have you marked the space around yourself as yours? If you are on the train you may put your coat or small bag on the seat beside you. If you share a flat you may have one corner or chair which is your own.Once I was travelling on a train to London. I was in a section for four people and there was a table between us. The man on the opposite side to me had his briefcase on the table. There was no space on my side of the table at all.I was angry. Maybe he thought that he owned the whole table. I had read a book about non-verbal communication, so I took various papers out of my bags and put them on his briefcase!When I did this he stiffened and his eyes nearly popped out of his head, I had invaded (侵犯) his space! A few minutes later I took my papers off his case in order to read them. He immediately moved his case to his side of the table. Of course, it is impossible that he just wanted to be helpful to me!If you are visiting another cou ntry you may feel that you don’t have any private space. Hotel rooms look much the same in every country in the world.All day long, you share public spaces with other people. You see the local people in their private spaces and you feel lonely and “outside”. Local people can create their private spaces by talking about things you don’t know about. And you even feel that they like you to be outside them so that they will enjoy being a traveler! But if you understand it then it helps you. Haven’t you enjoyed being part of a group and “owning” a bit of space?( ) 31. The write was angry as he was travelling on a train to London because__________.A. he had no place to sitB. someone had invaded his “space”C. too many people shared a section with him.D. some other people talked about things he didn’t know about_________ ( ) 32 .“... you feel lonely and outside” in Paragraph 4 means that __________.A. you are alone outside the houseB. you feel lonely because you travel on your ownC. you are alone and therefore you go outside to have some funD. you feel lonely and don’t belong to that place or that group of people ( )33.In Paragragh 4,the pronoun “them” refers to(所指)“__________”.A. public spacesB. private spacesC. local peopleD. other countries( )34.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. British people dislike marking their spaces.B. You always feel at home in another country.C .Most British people prefer living in houses to flats.D. You can’t mark your private space in a foreign country.（）35.The main purpose of the passage is to tell readers to __________.A. own private spaces by living in housesB. have one corner of their own in public placesC. re alize the importance of “space” in communicationD. create their private spaces by talking with local people(B)I loved my mother’s desk since I was just tall enough to see above the topof it when mother sat doing letters. Looking at the ink bottle, pens and white paper, I decided that the act of writing must be the most wonderful thing in the world.Years later, during her final illness, mother kept different things for my sister and brother, “But the desk,” she said again, “is for Elizabeth.”I never saw her get angry, and never saw her cry. I knew she loved me, and she showed it in action. But as a young girl, I wanted heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter.They never happened and a gulf opened between us. I was “too emotional (易动感情的)”,but she lived “on the surface”.As years went by and I had my own family. I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family. I wrote to her in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way that she did forgive (原谅) me.I posted the letter and waited for her answer. It didn’t come.It seemed that nothing happened. I couldn’t be sure that the letter had even got to her.I only knew that I had written it, and I could stop trying to make her into someone she was not.Now the present of her desk told me that she was pleased that writing was my chosen work, though she had never been able to. I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside—a photo of my father and a one-paper letter. Folded (折叠) and refolded many times.Give me an answer, my letter asks, in any way you choose. Mother, you always chose the act that speaks louder than words.（）36.The writer began to love her mother’s desk __________.A. after mother diedB. when she was a childC. before she became a writerD. when mother gave it to her（）37.The passage shows that mother ____.A. was too serious about everything her daughter had doneB. was cold on the surface but kind in her heart to her daughterC. cared much about her daughter in wordsD. wrote to her daughter in careful words（）38.The word “gulf” in the 4th paragraph means __________.A. deep understanding between the old and the youngB. part of the sea going far in landC. free talks between mother and daughterD. different ideas between mother and daughter（）39.What did mother do with her daughter’s letter asking for forgiveness？A. She read the letter again and again till she died.B. For years,she often talked about the letter.C. She didn’t forgive her daughter at all in her life.D. She had never received the letter.（）40.What’s the best title of the passage？A. My Letter to MotherB. Mother and ChildrenC. My Mother’s DeskD. Talks Between Mother and Me（C）Zheng He, the Columbus of the East, was an amazing man.He was born in 1371 and, 11 years later, was caught by the army of a rich young man called Zhu Di and made to work for him. Over time the rich man saw that Zheng He was very clever and strong and they became close friends. In 1403 Zhu Di was made the King of China and he asked Zheng He to join his new government.The King wanted to learn more about the world and show other countries his power. He ordered many new ships to be built and made Zheng He their leader. Between 1405 and 1433, Zheng He led seven sea trips to different parts of the world. He certainly travelled to India, Africa and the Middle East. A few people think his ships may have even reached South America and Australia. Each trip lasted between two and four years and it is believed he sailed more than 50 000 kms during the years of his travels. With 28 000 men and over 300 ships, such as boats for food, water and even soldiers' horses, Zheng He led a fleet (舰队) whose size would not be equalled by Europeans for over 500 years On these trips he brought with him many Chinese goods like silk and medicine to give to foreign kings or to sell for local goods. He returned from each trip with boats filled with expensive things such as gold and jewellery, foreign guests and strange animals like a giraffe.It is a pity that we may never learn everything about Zheng He' s travels.After he died in 1433, the new king, who believed these trips were unlucky and too expensive, had them stopped and he burned almost all the books about Zheng He’s travels. It is only in the last 50 years that historians have begun to carefully study the adventures of the great Zheng He.（）41. Why did the Chinese King want Zheng He to sail to many different countries?A. To bring new countries under the control of China.B. To show the world how strong the King was.C. To receive gifts from the kings of other countries.D. To discover unusual animals.（）42. What do we know about Zheng He from the passage?A. He sailed to all seven continents.B. Each of his trips lasted one year.C. He died at the age of 62.D. He was a successful businessman. （）43. Which of the following did Zheng He NOT bring with him from China?A. Medicine.B. Gold.C. Animals.D. Silk. （）44. What happened after Zheng He died?A. He was forgotten for ever.B. His ships were all burned.C. The new king wrote a book about him.D. Sea trips to other countries were stopped.（）45. In what order did the following happen?a. Zhu Di became the King.b. Zheng He was caught by soldiers.c. The books about Zheng He were all burned.d. Foreigners were brought to China.e. Zheng He visited India.f. New ships were built.A. e, b, a, f, d, cB. b, a, e, d, c, fC. f, a, b, d, c, eD. b, a, f, e, d, c（D）By the year 2050 it is estimated that the world’s population will reach nine billion. An interesting question: what happens when people in poorer countries raise their living standard and demand more meat in their diet? Imagine trying to feed nine billion people with enough meat. In short, it’s simply impossible.Australian journalist and science writer, Julian Cribb, explains the challenges the world faces in feeding nine billion people by the year 2050.Cribb says there is a major problem in the current food system in the developed world, at least. As more and more people move towards city centers, the less and less they know about where their food comes from. Most think food simply grow on supermarket shelves, and they don’t consider the environmental effects of food production.Food has many hidden cost: huge volumes of water, energy use and land degradation（退化）. Consumers add their own costs by simply throwing away a lot of food. The figures for food waste in West are staggering.To solve this problem of public ignorance（无知）about food. Cribb suggests that food should be taught as a subject at primary school. This would help to create a future generation that could better deal with the world’s coming food challenges. This powerful measure can help to raise a generation of educated consumers, more productive farmers, and so on.Cribb offers other solutions and suggestions as well. One is to increase the funding（资金）for agriculture science, which has been falling by the wayside in recent years. He suggested organic（有机的）farming should be understood on a scientific basis, changing people’s thinking to one of a new form of “environmental agriculture” to get the very best out of organic farming systems. He says we should stop wasting food and learn how to grow food more cheaply. We should use less water, as water is one of the main inputs into food production. Cribb also suggests eating more fruit and vegetables.（）46. In the second paragraph, one problem of the food system in developed countries is ___.A. increasing ignorance about the ways of food productionB. an increasing number of people moving to city centersC. food production doing harm to the environmentD. the cost of food production is increasing（）47. What is the meaning of the underlined word in the third paragraph?A. Confusing.B. SurprisingC. PuzzlingD. Pleasing.（）48. According to Julian Cribb, what is the aim of making food a subject at school?A. To educate students about the food problem.B. To help students understand how to grow food.C. To develop agricultural science.D. To train more productive farmers.（）49. Which of the following may the writer disagree with?A. The public should save food and save water.B. Organic agriculture costs a lot of resources.C. More money should be used for agricultural science.D. People should eat less meat but more fruit and vegetables.（）50. The text is mainly about _______.A. The effects of agriculture on the environment on agricultureB. the effect of the world’s population on agricultureC. food problems in the future and some solutionsD. the development of agriculture in the future（E）Did you know that 7 out of 10 students have cheated at least once in the past year? Did you know that 50 percent of those students have cheated more than twice? This shocking data is from a recent survey of 9,000 U.S. high school students.Incredibly, teachers may even be encouraging their students to cheat! Last year at a school in Detroit, some teachers were found to have provided their students with answers to statewide standard tests. Students at the school told police that they were promised pizza and money if they cheated on the test. Similar reports at several schools in San Diego county have prompted an investigation by the Education Department. A student at a local high school says she sees students cheating on almost every test, and the teachers don’t do anything about it. In response to the claims of school-assisted cheating, the head of the National Association of School Principals said that while cheating should never be accepted, it showed the pressure that schools were under. “Because school funding is now decided by students' test performance, there is incredible pressure on school to raise marks in any way they can.”But schools are not the main problem. Many students claim that they’re tempted to cheat because of peer pressure and intense competition to get top grades. Many kids also say that their parents are setting a bad example by cheating on income taxes, lying about age to pay lower admission prices, or cheating their way out of speeding tickets. They are sending a message to their kids that it is okay to cheat and lie.So, what can be done? In our school’s math classes, each student has different problems on their test papers, so it is useless to look at someone else’sanswers. Teachers could also randomly mix the problems throughout the page. Another solution is for adults to lower their expectations. Chances are that students believe cheating is the only way to meet unreasonably high expectations. Perhaps it is time for parents and teachers to seriously examine whether higher test results are important enough to encourage cheating.（）51. What does the writer think of the levels of cheating in American schools?A. It is an extremely serious problem.B. It is no worse than other countries.C. He expresses no clear opinion.D. It is mainly the fault of local school. （）52. Which of the following causes of cheating is NOT mentioned?A. Pressure from others.B. Too much work.C. Strong competition.D. School funding.（）53. Why are some schools ignoring their students cheating in America, according to the passage?A. Because schools will get better students.B. Because teachers will then receive a higher salary.C. Because schools will get more government money.D. Because schools fear parents will be very angry.（）54. According to the 3rd paragraph , how are parents encouraging their children to cheat?A. By putting too much pressure on their children to succeed.B. By criticising their children too much when they fail.C. By urging them directly to be dishonest.D. By failing to behave honestly themselves.（）55. In the last paragraph the writer _________.A. offers possible solutions to the problemB. describes the causes of the problemB.outlines the results of the student cheatingD. suggests some of the reasons for cheating（F）How should you begin and finish an email message to someone you don't know? Find out here.Starting and finishing emailsHere are some important points to consider when starting and finishing an email.Formal or informal?We write a formal email when we want to be polite, or when we do not know the reader very well. A lot of work emails are formal. We write informal emails when we want to be friendly, or when we know the reader well. A lot of social emails are informal. Here are some examples of formal and informalemail or an informal one.Layout and punctuationStarting an email: We normally write a comma after the opening phrase. We start a new line after the name of the person we’re writing to.Finishing an email: We normally write a comma after the closing phrase. WeHere are some phrase which we use for starting and finishing emails. WeA.From a school magazine.B. From a newspaper.C. From a textbook.D. From a website.（）57 What is the passage mainly about?A.Writing email address.B. Starting and finishing emails.C. Writing messages to strangers.D. Reading different emails.（）58 Which one of the following emails belongs to informal one?A. An email to invite your classmates to your birthday party.B. An email to an online shop asking for the return of money.C. An email to your boss asking for a leave for a few days.D. An email to an ad company telling you’re right for the job.（）59 After writing the opening and closing phrase, we both need a ___________.A. “,”B. “.”C. “!”D. “?”（）60. When we say “With many thanks and best wishes”, we mean to ________.A. start our emailB. change our topicC. end our emailD. expressing our opinion四．阅读填空（共5小题，每题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。