By 1366 he had married Philippa Roet, who was probably the sister of John of Gaunt‘s third wife; she was a lady-in-waiting to Edward III’s queen. During the years 1370 to 1378, Chaucer was frequently employed on diplomatic missions to the Continent, visiting Italy in 1372–73 and in 1378. From 1374 on he held a number of official positions, among them comptroller/-'--/ of customs on furs, skins, and hides for the port of London (1374–86) and clerk of the king's works (1389–91). The official date of Chaucer's death is Oct. 25, 1400. He was buried in Westminster Abbey.
Geoffrey Chaucer
（1340？-1400） 杰弗里· 乔叟
I. Chaucer’s Life
II. Chaucer’s Literary Career III. The Canterbury Tales IV. Chaucer’s Contribution
I. Chaucer’s Life
Some previous literary sources
Boccaccio [bəuˈkɑ:tʃiəu]薄伽丘(Giovanni, 1313-1375, 文艺复兴时期意大利作家, Decameron [diˈkæmərən] 《十日谈》的作者) Dante[ˈdæ nti] 但丁(意大利诗人,1265-1321,the Divine Comedy《神曲》的作者) Ovid[ˈɔvid]: Roman poet known for his explorations of love, especially the Art of Love (c. 1 b.c. ) and Metamorphoses [ˌmetəˈmɔ:fəsɪsiz] (c. a.d. 8). 奥维 德：公元前 43年- 公元 17年罗马诗人，以其对爱的研 究，尤其是《爱的艺术》（公元前1年 )和《变形记》 （公元 8年）而闻名。
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Also among the works of this period are the unfinished Legend of Good Women《贤妇传说》, a poem telling of nine classical heroines, which introduced the heroic couplet (two rhyming lines of iambic pentameter) into English verse; the prose fragment The Treatise on the Astrolabe《论星盘》, written for his son Lewis; and Troilus and Criseyde 《特洛伊罗斯与克丽西达》, based on Boccaccio's Filostrato（《爱的摧残》又名《菲洛斯特拉托》）, one of the great love poems in the English language . In Troilus and Criseyde, Chaucer perfected the seven-line stanza later called rhyme royal帝王韵(抑
French period and his early works Chaucer's literary activity is often divided into three periods. The first period includes his early work (to 1370), which is based largely on French models, especially the Roman de la Rose 玫瑰传奇and the poems of Guillaume 德 马肖 . Chaucer's chief de Machaut 纪尧姆· · works during this time are the Book of the Duchess, an allegorical lament written in 1369 on the death of Blanche, wife of John of Gaunt, and a partial translation of the Roman de la Rose.
A portrait of Chaucer
II. His works / writing periods of career
– French period (1360’s —1372)
– Italian period (1372—1385)
– English period (1387—1400)
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Chaucer’s life experience
1. He was born into a wine merchant family in London. 2. At 17, he became a page in a nobleman’s household. 3. At 19, he went to France with the English army and was imprisoned 4. He was married to a maid of honor to the queen at 26. 5. At 27 he entered the service of the king. 6. From 1372-1373 he went to Italy on diplomatic missions. 7. In 1374, he was made controller of customs in London. 8. He was even made MP for Kent in 1386. 9. He died in 1400 . 10. He was buried in Westminster Abbey—the Poets’ Corner.
Italian Period and his works
Chaucer's second period (up to c.1387) is called his Italian period because during this time his works were modeled primarily on Dante and Boccaccio. Major works of the second period include The House of Fame《声誉之宫》, recounting the adventures of Aeneas[i'ni:əs] 埃涅阿斯 (伊尼亚斯) 维纳斯之子，特洛伊勇 将 after the fall of Troy; The Parliament of Fowls《禽鸟 议会》, which tells of the mating of fowls on St. Valentine's Day and is thought to celebrate the betrothal (n. 婚约, 订婚礼)of Richard II to Anne of Bohemia; and a prose translation of Boethius' De consolatione philosophiae(波埃修斯《哲学的慰藉》).
Lecture 3
Chaucer the Canterbury Tales
(1) Revision
1, How did the Norman conquest affect the life and literature of the English people? 2, What’s a Romance? 3, Tell the story of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. ments on the features of Piers, the Plowman. 5.Morte d’Arthur is written by— 6, For what is Wycliff remarkable in literature?
Wine merchant’s family, rub elbows with people from different walks of life
Life and Career
The known facts of Chaucer‘s life are fragmentary and are based almost entirely on official records. He was born in London between 1340 and 1344, the son of John Chaucer, a vintner（n. 葡萄酒商）. In 1357 he was a page in the household of Prince Lionel, later duke of Clarence, whom he served for many years. In 1359–60 he was with the army of Edward III in France, where he was captured by the French but ransomed.