高考必考系列之——语法知识必背非谓语动词之——不定式(The Infinitive）不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，有些情况下to可以省略。

具有n./adj./adv.的句法功能，在句中充当主/宾/表/定/状/补。

课文原句语法呈现I不定式的句法功能不定式作主语1. To climb the mountains was hard work but as we looked around us, we were surprised by the view.（B1U3）上山很艰难，但是当我们环顾四周，(眼前的)景色让我们感到惊叹不已。

2. To ignore this would be a mistake. 忽略这一点是错误的。

※it 作形式主语，不定式作真正主语的情况：1. It’s important to know your limitation. 知道自己的局限性是重要的。

2. It’s a pity to leave so early. 这么早走太遗憾。

不定式作宾语1. I don’t want to end the friendship, but I hate others gossiping.（B1U1）我不想要结束我们的友谊，但我讨厌别人闲言闲语。

2. In the early evening we always stop to make camp.（B1U3）一到傍晚，我们通常就停下来宿营。

不定式作表语1. We seemed to be able to see for miles.（B1U3）我们似乎能看到几百里以外的地方。

2. Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.（B2U3）不管怎样，我的目标是给人类提供高质量的生活。

不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。

例如：1. After graduating from college, we finally got the chance to take a bike trip. (B1U3)大学毕业以后，我们终于有了机会骑自行车旅行。

2. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. (B1U4) 鼠从田地里跑出来找地方藏身。

不定式作状语※不定式做目的状语常用结构为to do , in order to do,so as to do,so（such）… as to…1. I’m waiting here to see the sunrise. 我等在这儿，为的是看日出。

2. So good things are being done here to save local wildlife. (B2U4)因此，为了拯救当地的野生动植物，他们也在做一些好事。

※不定式做结果状语He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.他匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走了。

不定式作补语有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。

例如：advise建议allow 允许cause 引起challenge挑战command命令compel 迫使drive驱使enable 使能够encourage鼓励forbid禁止force强迫impel 驱使induce诱导Instruct 指导invite邀请like喜欢love热爱order 命令permit许可persuade说服remind提醒want想要get使得warn警告make 使得request要求send发送tell告诉train训练urge 催促1. Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy one. (B1U3)两年前，她买了一辆昂贵的山地自行车，然后还说服我买了一辆(山地车)。

2. Later, Mr Mandela allowed the prison guards to join us. (B1U5)后来，曼德拉先生让狱卒参加我们一起学习。

II 不定式的时态和语态※主动语态：一般式to doHe never expected them to find the bicycle. 他从未指望他们能找到那辆自行车。

完成式to have doneI am ashamed to have mentioned it.我很惭愧提到了这件事。

进行式to be doingHe was happy to be coming home. 就要回家了他感到高兴。

完成进行式to have been doingHe appears to have been waiting a long time. 他似乎已等了好长时间。

※被动语态：一般式to be doneIt’s a great responsibility but also a great honour to be chosen. (B2U2)被选中不仅要承担巨大的责任同时也享有极大的荣誉完成式to have been done1. I’m pleased to have been given this opportunity. 给了我这次机会我很高兴。

2. It was his good fortunate not to have been injured. 他很幸运没受伤。

不定式基础知识检测：一．指出下列句中不定式所充当的句子成分。

1. To see is to believe! ( ) ( )2. It is of great benefit for all of us to do morning exercises every day. ( )3. I’d like to make a suggestion. ( )4. He feel it a duty to help the disabled in the community. ( )5. He seemed to be sleeping. ( )6. There are all kinds of difficulties to be overcome. ( )7. Mary often goes back to her hometown to visit her grandparents. ( )8. I want this letter to be opened now! ( )二．用所给动词的正确形式填空。

1.____________(sleep) late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm clock.2.Uncertain about how to fix them, she stopped ______________(think) carefully.3.Life is going to shovel dirt on you, all kinds of dirt. The trick to getting out of the well is____________(shake) it off and take a step up.4.I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _____________________(breathe).5.With a lot of difficult problems ______________(settle), the newly-elected president is having a hard time.6.The last one _____________(arrive) pays the meal!7.______________(complete) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.8.At the meeting they invited me ______________(speak).9.He is said ______________________(be) abroad many times.10.He pretended _____________________(read) when the parents came into his bedroom.11.To love and _____________________(love) is the one true happiness in life.12.We find it impossible for work _________________(finish) ahead of time.13.Energy drinks are not allowed ___________________(make) in Australia but are brought in from NewZealand.14.The news reporters hurried to the airport, only __________________(tell) the film stars had left.非谓语动词之——动名词(Gerund）一、语法成分。

1.作主语动名词作主语时，往往表示一种概念、习惯或经验。

有时为了保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，常用it作为句子的形式主语，把动名词置于句尾。

常用句式有：It is no use/good doing sth. It is useful/useless doing sth.It’s a waste of money/time doing sth It’s (not) worth doing sth.eg. It is no good learning without practice. 只学习而不实践是不好的。

It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.(BIU1)但观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。