动词不定式不定式知识点综述不定式知识点综述1.不定式的基本形式 1. 不定式词作主语句型 1. 省略 to 的不定式作宾to do, to be done 2. 识记用不定式作宾语语补足语动词“五看to be doing; to have done, 的动词三使两听一感”to have been done 3. 跟动名词作宾语差别 2. 不定式作目的、结果2. 否认式组成状语2、不定式重难点解说重难点 1：动词不定式的时态语态动词不定式 (infinitive) 两种形式：一种是“to + 动词原形”组成（ to- infinitive ）；另一种是不带 to 的不定式 ,即动词原形 (bare- infinitive) 。
动词不定式有一般式、进行式、达成式、完成进行式四种时态变化形式，一般式和达成式有被动语态变化形式。
主动语态被动语态一般式to do to be done进行式to be doing达成式to have done to have been done达成进行式to have been writinga. 不定式的时态是以句中谓语动词的时间为依照的：（1）一般式表示的动作或状态往常发生在谓语动词以后或同时发生。
例：They made plans to live in Paris.他们计划住在巴黎。
（to live发生在made plans以后）（ 2）进行式表示其动作正在进行，与谓语动词发生的动作同时进行。
例： He pretended to be listening to me carefully.他假装仔细地听我讲。
（3）不定式的达成式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示的动作以前。
例： I am sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。
（to have kept 发生在 I am sorry 所表示的时间以前）（4）不定式的达成进行式表示动作在谓语动词以前发生，并且向来进行着。
例： He was happy to have been staying with his uncle. 他很快乐向来跟他叔叔住在一起。
b.不定式的语态不定式的时态是以逻辑主语为依照的：例： The sports meeting on the weekend has to be put off.周末的运动会被迫推延。
注意：意义上被动形式上主动的不定式在“名词（代词）＋ be easy(difficult, fit 等形容词 ) ＋不定式”构造中，有时只管主语是动作的蒙受者，不定式在乎义上是被动，形式上倒是主动，这时能够当作省略了动词逻辑主语for us, for me , for you 等。
例： The book is difficult to read.这本书很难读懂。
i. 不定式作主语1. 不定式作主语和表语口语中常用it 作形式主语。
2. 若说明不定式动作关于履行者的影响，常在不定式前加for sb.。
3. 可是以形容词作表语来说明主语的行为质量时（如 kind ，goodnice，wise，clever ，silly ，wrong9 right,foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, polite, agreeable 等），不定式前加of sb.。
4.不定式作表语，表示目的、结果、赞同、命令、安排、决定、劝说等意义。
专项练习1. How________ the problem will be discussed some time later this afternoon.A. to solveB. to be solveC. being solvedD. solving2. Is it necessary the geography book at once?A. for her to returnB. that she must returnC. her returningD. of him to return3. It forty-five minutes there by bus.A. costs... to getB. costs... gettingC. takes... to getD. takes... getting4. This grammar point is later.A. to explainB. to have been explainedC. to be explainedD. to be explaining5. Tom seemed the good news.A. to learnB. to be learningC. to have learnedD. to have been learningKeys:1-5AACCCii.不定式作宾语1. 只好以不定式作宾语，而不可以以动名词作宾语的动词有：（“希望”干） wish, hope, expect, long, desire;（早“打算”） plan, mean, prepare, attempt, intend;（“赞同”“否”） agree, consent, refuse, decline;（“寻”“问”看） seek, ask, beg;（“选”“定”了） choose, decide, determine, promise;（“尽”“自发”） manage, volunteer, tend;( “称”“失败”） claim, fail;（“敢”“装蒜”） dare, pretend2. 可用于“动词 + it+ 形容词／名词 +to do sth．”构造中的动词有feel, find, make, think, believe, consider 等。
3. 以动词不定式作宾语的形容词有happy，glad ，pleased，sure，ready，anxious，eager，free，afraid，willing等。
4.有些介词后也能够不定式作宾语，如介词but ， about， except， save 等。
专项练习1.The flu is believed ______ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.A. causingB. being causedC. to be causedD. to have been caused2. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars road conditions needA. that. .. to be improvedB. which ... to be improvedC. where. . . to be improvingD. when.. . improving3. Remember_________the magazine when you have finished reading it.A. putting backB. having put backC. to put backD. will put back4. — I'm sorry I forgot ________ your dictionary.— Let's use Li Hua's.A. to takeB. takingC. to bringD.bringing5. At the moment, Jason is considering next.A. to do whatB. what to doC. doing whatD. whatdoing6. I first considered ________ to him, but then I decided him.A. writing... phoningB. to write. . . to phoneC. writing... to phoneD. to write. . . phoning7. Tom is always forgetting things he has done. Yesterday, he forgot and looked for it eve-rywhere.A. to post the letterB. to have the letter postedC. to having posted the letterD. having posted the letter8. You didn't hear us come in last night. We tried noisy.A. to be notB. not to beC. not beingD. beingnot9. My brother regretted ________ a lecture given by Prof. Wang.A. missingB. to missC. missedD. beingmissing10. I regret _______ you that we are unable to offer you a job.A. informingB. having informedC. to informD. toinforming11. He felt tired with typing the lecture. So he stopped ________ a short break.A. havingB. to haveC. takingD. totaking12. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies arestriving their products more competitive.A. to makeB. makingC. to have madeD. havingmade13. She had no choice but in the corner of the room________ .A. to sit... weptB. to sit. .. weepingC. sit... weptD. sat. . . weeping14.—You have come just in time tohelp us.—Fine. What needs________________________?A. I doB. doneC. to be doneD. to do15. That evening, he set about _________ the report _______ the next morning.A. write... to hand inB. to write.. . handing inC. written... to hand inD. writing... to be handed in16. There seemed nothing________ to do but ________ for the doctor.A. leave... sendB. left... to sendC. left... sendD.leaving... send17. Do you think it difficult ________ a dolphin ________ ?A. to train... jumpingB. training... for jumpingC. to train... jumpD. to train... to jump18. I prefer _______ rather than .A. to do some reading... watching TVB. doing some reading... watching TVC. to do some reading... watch TVD. doing some reading... to watch TV19. The two boys pretended _________ very hard, though they did nothing.A. studyB. studyingC. to be studiedD. to bestudyingKeys: 1-5 CACCB 6-10 CDBAC 11-15 BAB CD 16-19CDCDiii.不定式作宾语补足语1.常有的以不定式作宾语补语的动词及短语有ask，allow ，advise，beg，call on ，expect，force, forbid, invite,teach, would like, depend on. wait for等。