• Over long periods of time, substances whose physical and chemical properties change with the ambient climate at the time can be deposited in a systematic way to provide a continuous record of changes in those properties overtime, sometimes for hundreds or thousands of years.
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名词性从句
• In lowland country almost any spot on the ground may overlie what was once the bed of a river that has since become buried by soil; if they are now below the water’s upper surface (the water table), the gravels and sands of the former riverbed, and its sandbars, will be saturated with groundwater.
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• n.+ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱto do/ ed/ ing/ 介词短语
• attempts to link images with recorded sound • crops raised by western farmers • pumps extracting water from watertable • associations of plants and animals at a given
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名词性从句
Western Farmers borrowed with the confident expectation that the expanding economy would keep farm prices high, thus making it easy to repay loans when they fell due.
locality
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插入语等其他结构
• just as had many previous attempts, dating well back before the First World War, to link images with recorded sound.
托福阅读第二讲 托福阅读长难句
1
本节课授课目标
• 1.句子的主要成分 • 2.句子之间的逻辑关系 • 3.长难句综合分析 • 4.句子简化题的标识和出题形式 • 5.解答句子简化题
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句子的主干
句子的主干指的是句子的核心信息。包括句 子的主要成分和主要的逻辑关系。 长难句各个成分的识别：
3
定语从句
4
定语从句
• The sheer scale of the investment it took to begin commercial expansion at sea reflects the immensity of the profits that such EastWest trade could create.
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状语从句
• In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them—even while building materials have changed dramatically.
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非谓语动词
• With "climax," "biome," "superorganism," and various other technical terms for the association of animals and plants at a given locality being criticized, the term "ecosystem" was more and more widely adopted for the whole system of associated organisms together with the physical factors of their environment.
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状语从句
• Immediately adjacent to the timberline, the tundra consists of a fairly complete cover of low-lying shrubs, herbs, and grasses, while higher up the number and diversity of species decrease until there is much bare ground with occasional mosses and lichens and some prostrate cushion plants.
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名词性从句
• One of the most difficult aspects of deciding whether current climatic events reveal evidence of the impact of human activities is that it is hard to get a measure of what constitutes the natural variability of the climate.