parison and contrast对照对 比法的表达方式
• 对比 resemble equal…to compare to/with like at the same time in the same way in like manner in comparison Both … and As… as p.9 Exercise on p.13 对照 differ from…(in) contrast from distinguish between unlike in contrast with on the other hand in different manner in contrast however/but/ nevertheless not as… as
Making an Expectation 展望法
• I think,/believe/expect/hope that… • It is my personal belief/ hope/expectation that … • It is expected/ believed/ hoped/ thought/ suggested that… • It is my personal opinion/ suggestion/advice that …
表明观点的表达
• • • • • • • As for me, I think… Personally (speaking), I believe that… In my view,… As far as I am concerned… In my personal opinion,… In my own case… P.50
• 英语中常用来表示例证关系的过渡词（组） A). For example, for instance, such as, in other words, that is to say, in particular… B). Namely, particularly, specifically especially… C). A good illustration of this is… A good example of that is… A case in point is… … is a good case in point. Exercise: p.13 Write a paragraph on possible reasons for “dumb English in China”
• 列举中间项目的过渡词（组）
A). second(ly), third(ly)… B). in the second lace, in the third place; in addition, C). moreover, next, then, further more… …(p.8) the interviewee must demonstrate his/her advantages for the job…
Enumeration and exemplification的 基本表达方式
• 通过列举一连串典型、生动、富有说服力的实力或理由来 扩展主题，阐述一个观点或说明一个问题的段落写作方法 称为列举例证法。这种方法常用于说明文和议论文。
• 常用的开头项表达方式有：
A).有基数词、序数词及组成的固定词组： First(ly), first and foremost, first and most important, first of all, most important of all, etc. B). 介词词组 in the first place, for a start ，to begin with, to start with, …interviewees should dress themselves neatly and properly since the first impression is always where wing the Paragraph
• Restating the main idea 重复主题句发
• Making a conclusion 归纳法 • Making an expectation 展望法 •
Making a Conclusion 归纳法的表达
• From the above, it can be concluded that … • In conclusion, it may be said that… • From the above discussion, we can safely conclude that… • In a word… • In short… • On the whole… • All in all… • To conclude… • To sum up…
英文写作中的段落扩展与 修辞
Peng Jinding jdpeng@
2.1 How to open a paragraph: Introducing an idea
• • • • • • Using topic sentence 主题句法 Using relevant background material 背景 法 Using figures or statistics 数据法 Using questions 设问法 Using definition 定义法 Using quotation 引语法
列举对比的表达方式
• for one thing, … for another, • On the one hand… on the other (hand)… • see p.45-6-8-9
Reference for you
• Along with china’s opening-up policy, more and more foreign brands are pouring into the China market. Some people choose to buy imported goods only, in contrast, others insist on buying domestic goods. • Sure, foreign goods enjoy popularity among Chinese for their high quality and fashionable design. But those who choose to support domestic goods believe that domestic goods are more practical in use and lower in price. And for them the most important is that their choice is a great support of the development of the domestic market. • Weighing up the two arguments, I am for the later one. Firstly, I believe that our domestic goods designed especially for our own market meet with our needs particularly. Secondly, domestic goods have been improving their qualities all the time. And Finally, domestic goods enjoy a high price reference. In a word, I’ll choose to buy domestic goods in most cases.
Reference for you
• There are many reasons accounting for this dumb English in China. First of all, examinationoriented educational system plays a vital role in China today. Teachers and students neglect speaking practice because it is not heavily tested. In addition, English is just a foreign language in china and students don’t need to speak it for survival. And lastly, the lacking of oral practice makes students turnout to be too shy to speak. All these factors work together to contribute to the “dumb English” phenomenon.
2.2 How to expand a paragraph
• • • • • 1. Time order 时间法 2.Space order 空间法 3. Cause and effect 因果探索法 parison and contrast对照对比法 5. Enumeration and exemplification列举例 证法 • 6. Classification分门别类法
• 列举结尾项目的过渡词（组） A).last(ly), final(ly)… B). to conclude, to sum up… C). With all these in mind, taking all these into consideration… (p.8) …one can succeed in a job interview.