2. scientific and practical knowledge was applied
3. colonials provided raw materials and markets
Process
began started in the cotton textile industry the invention of new machines
factories towns sprang up around the coalfields
iron was used to improve machines and tools and to build bridges and ships
better transportation for transporting raw materials and goods
made cloth cheaply and in large quantities the building of big factories
James Watt made important improvements to the steam engine (provided new power for big factories)
1830 the first important railway opened
mid-19th steam-powered ships
Painting depicting the opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway in 1830, the first inter-city railway in the world and which spawned Railway Mania due to its success.
widened and deepened many streams and built canals, built many bridges and lighthouses
1829 George Stephenson created the first successful steam locomotive
Influence
1. People’s lives, 2. Capitalist 3. Income levels improved 4. Population grew 5. Jobs became extremely boring 6. Still very poorly paid 7. Environmental problems
The Thames Tunnel (opened 1843). Cement was used in the world's first underwater tunnel.
The Iron Bridge, Shropshire, England
Bridgewater Canal It was opened in 1761 from Worsley to Manchester, and later extended from Manchester to Runcorn, and then from Worsley to Leigh. And it’s famous for its commercial success,.
Industrial Revolution 英国工业革命
The Industrial Revolution
General Information
•Time: 1760 — some time between 1820 and 1840
•Reasons: 1. hands-off economic policy & freemarchines
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John Kay
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Flying shuttle
Samuel Crompton Spinning Mule
Spinning Jenny James Hargreaves
James Watt (1736-1819) & steam engine
The Barrow Hematite Steel Company based in Barrow-inFurness, Lancashire operated the largest iron and steelworks in the world during the Industrial Revolution.