the changing world （正在变化的） the changed world （变化了的）
boiling water （正在沸腾的） boiled water （已经沸腾过的）
falling leaves （正在飘落的） fallen leaves （已经落在地上的） a developing country （发展中的） a developed country （发达的）
一. 辨别“谓与非谓”
二. 找逻辑
• 定语，宾语补足语，状语 表示被动和完成 • 表语 表示状态和特点
作表语
• 1. Everyone present was very inspired at his speech. 2. You seem frightened. 系表结构，表示主语特点、状态 可以用作表语的常见的过去分词有： delighted, disappointed, astonished, excited, frightened, surprised, interested, satisfied
作宾语补足语
• 1. They kept the door locked for a long time. • 2. I have had my bike repaired. • 3. He found his house broken into when he got back home. • 主+谓+宾+宾补（过去分词） • 关键看与宾语的关系，表示被动和完成， 状态
过去分词与逻辑注是 被动关系，表示动的 managed to完成和结果 make himself
主动关系，表示 正在进行
• He understood. • He is happy to see the child taken good care of. • I noticed the thief caught by the police.
1.主谓宾完整 2.过去分词和逻辑 主语关系被动
现在分词与逻辑主语是 区分V-ing和 V-ed 作宾补
• I felt my heart beating faster. • Listen to the birds singing outside. • He kept me waiting for a long time.
系动词
• • • • • • 1. 状态动词 be 2. 持续动词 keep, remain, stay, 3. 表象动词 appear, look, seem 4. 感官动词 feel, taste, smell, sound 5. 变化动词 become, turn, grow 6. 终止动词 turn out, prove
Grammar U1—U3
The Past Participle
作定语
• 1. spoken English 英语口语 • written exercises 书面练习 • 2. What’s the language spoken in Germany? • 3. Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa. • 看被修饰的名词 表示被动和完成
作宾语补足语
• ①使役动词 have, make, get, keep, leave • ②感官动词 see, notice, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, smell和think, find • ③表示“希望、愿望、命令”的动词 • want, like, wish, expect, order • ④在with复合结构中，表示被动和完成
作状语
• 1. Asked what had happened, he told us about it. • 2. Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all. • 3. Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks beautiful. • 看句子主语， 表示被动和完成